Faculty of Management and Development Studies

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    A Comparative Study on the Management of Marine Protected Areas Between the Philippines and United Arab Emirates (UAE)
    ( 2009-12-15) Sumastre-De Los Santos, Nenita F.
    This special problem sought to compare how MPAs are being managed in the two states which are geographically apart and politically and culturally different. The comparative study focused on the Tubbataha Reefs National Marine Park (TRNMP) for the Philippines and the Marawah MPA for United Arab Emirates (UAE). Both MPAs were assessed in terms of their biophysical attributes to include the biodiversity resources and how they are managed. The study relied on secondary data gathered especially in the case of Tubbataha. In Marawah, secondary and primary data were collected. In the comparative analysis, both the effectiveness and inefficiencies of MPAs in the Philippines and UAE's were evaluated. Lessons gained in implementing MPAs were also assessed. The basis for comparison included policy and institutional arrangement, enforcement measures and research and development activities. Broad comparative features between the two sites were presented. Tubbataha Reef Natural Marine Park, is a pair of true coral atoll formations in the Philippines situated at the very center of Sulu Sea. Its unique coral formations are the major reasons why it was declared as one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites. Meanwhile, the Marawah MPA covering an area of about 425,500 hectares was established in 2001 and boasts of its rich coastal and marine resources including coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves. The MPA hosts 60 percent of the world's dugong population. It is also an important habitat for the critically endangered Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) and the endangered Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). About 5 percent of the world's population of the vulnerable Socotra cormorant (Phalacrocorax nigrogularis) use Marawah MPA as their nestling site. In 2007, the Marawah MPA was declared as UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The strength of Tubbataha's management lies in four contributory factors which proved to be critical to its management success namely: (1) investment in systems, (2) information backed by hard science; (3) stakeholder involvement and commitment and (4) resilience. For Marawah, its financial sustainability was the major contributory factor to its success. Unlike in UAE, a number of national legislations, specific administrative orders and local directives govern TRNMP. Although the legal basis of Marawah's operations management is based on the number of federal laws related to the marine and coastal environment including regional and global environmental agreements, underwent a series of development to be implemented. This study recommends that collaboration among various stakeholders should be continued. Integration of community participation, environmental education, economic incentives, and long term institutional support from government, NGO and academe offers a good formula for an MPA to succeed as exemplified by Tubbataha. To ensure sustainability, financial stability needs to be assured. Periodic monitoring of resources should be conducted to determine the changes through time of various marine resources to support an appropriate management scheme for the MPA.
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    A Culturally-Congruent Sexuality Education Content for Adolescents in Legazpi City
    ( 2012) Mirandilla, Ma. Elma L.
    This study generated age-appropriate, culturally congruent sexuality education content for adolescents 10-18 years old. It identified topics for each key concept designed for age categories: 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years old. The proposed sexuality education content was based on the consensus among teachers through three rounds of Delphi Technique using UNESCO’s International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education. The consensus on key ideas and topics was supported by significant perceptions of local experts gathered through one-on-one interviews. The research was conducted in Legazpi City. All six key concepts and topics of the Technical Guidance were found acceptable across all age categories except for several key ideas. The key concepts include: Relationships; Values, Attitudes and Skills; Culture, Society and Human Rights; Human Development; Sexual Behavior; and Sexual and Reproductive Health. Probable reasons for excluding some key ideas under various key concepts may be ascribed to the attitudes of adults specifically, prohibitive silence and adultism. Teachers and key informants in this study believed that children were too young to understand and that providing them information will provoke curiosity and entice them to engage in sexual activity. Pursuing a culturally-sound and age-appropriate sexuality education content is indispensable at this time of globalization when adolescents are drawn close to reproductive health risks primarily due to their lack of information on their sexuality. Thus, an appropriate and comprehensive sexuality education program is a significant preventive strategy.
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    Achieving Ecological Sustainability Through A Geospatial Assessment of Urban Landscapes: A Case Study of Metro Manila
    ( 2023-01-23) Paredes, Ulysses Nolan C.
    The compact city model has been an accepted alternative to urban sprawl. However, the densification of cities has led to a loss of urban green spaces, which provide important ecosystem services such as health benefits, climate regulation, and recreation opportunities. This study focuses on the dynamics of landscape change in Metro Manila from 1992 to 2022, using spatiotemporal analysis and remote sensing technology. The study found that there is an overall loss of urban green spaces in Metro Manila, with 77.69% of the city being composed of impervious land cover and 16.15% being pervious cover with urban greens and vegetation, and 4.27% is water. Much of the undisturbed vegetation are within the region’s protected landscapes and private parks and golf courses. Environmental variables such as NDVI show a decrease (-0.03) in the average vegetation health and an increase in the average land surface temperature (+1.60°C) highlighting the urban heat island. The study presents how a low-cost rapid assessment of urban green spaces in Metro Manila can be achieved to identify and map changes in the landscape, understand the drivers of change, and introduce appropriate interventions and management paradigms to enhance the city's resilience in the face of climate change. It is essential to have objective environmental assessment and territorial planning and decision-making stages to consider the needs of the landscape and improve the quality and quantity of urban green spaces.
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    All Hands on Deck: The Roles of the Philippine Navy on Environmental Security The Case of the Tubbataha Reef Natural Parks
    ( 2015) Pascua, Arturo S. Jr.
    Philippine Navy installations are strategically located all over the country, and are oftentimes the only authority figure in the area. Hence, this puts them in a position to help out in the protection of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Last January 17, 2013, the Tubbataha Reef Natural Park (TRNP) was devastated with the grounding of the USS Guardian, a United States Navy Minesweeper vessel. Nearly three months after the said incident, F/V Ming Long Yu, a Chinese fishing vessel got stuck on the North Atoll on April 8, 3013. These devastations reflect a breach of the legal framework for the establishment and management of protected areas in our country by virtue of Republic Act 7586 otherwise known as the National Integrated Protected System (NIPAS) Act of 1992. The composite law enforcement team in the TRNP is composed of four personnel from the Philippine Navy, two from the Philippine Coast Guard, and two from the Tubbataha Management Office. The MPR enforces the TRNP Act in the park and make up the first line of authority. This qualitative research aims to determine the roles of the Philippine Navy (PN) in the protection of MPAs, particularly the case of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), in terms of compliance and enforcement activities. This is anchored on the principle of environmental security, which is concerned with relative safety from environmental change caused by natural or human processes due to ignorance, accident, mismanagement or design and originating within or across national borders (Ullman, 1983). This is one of the six branches of non-traditional national security threats together with International Terrorism, Trans-national Organized Crime, Illegal Migration, Energy Security, and Human Security. It is a fact that at present, there had been several violations that have occurred in the waters of TRNP, and it is the major concern of this study to find out the roles played by the Philippine Navy in serving as vanguard of the environment on the extent of enforcement and compliance to the law. A series of interviews were conducted to determine the roles of the Philippine Navy in the protection of the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. Different stakeholders were selected as key informants. Results showed that environmental law enforcement has always been part and parcel of their duties and responsibilities and that the Philippine Navy has always been a partner in the management of the TRNP since its conception. But it does not mean that the Philippine Navy cannot offer more and it would be a mistake if the full potential of the Navy would not be utilized in the protection of the TRNP. Civil-Military Operations (CMO) is one of the core competencies of the Philippine Navy and is usually conducted as part of reaching out to communities to gain their support and minimize interference in the conduct of their mission. Conducting frequent CMO, purposely to educate (Information, Education, Communication) the local populace on environmental protection would be a good contribution for the management/conservation effort. For the compliance and enforcement effort, the Philippine Navy could help by conducting more frequent patrols in the vicinity of the Park with close coordination with the TMO, Local Government Unit, or the People’s Organizations in the area since their mere presence in the area had already been a deterrent on illegal activities.
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    An Assessment of Nurse-Patient Communication in a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain
    ( 2018) Rodriguez, Smitha Shalet
    Title: An Assessment of the Nurse-Patient Communication in a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain Introduction: An integral part of nursing care is effective communication. It improves the relationship between the nurse and the patient, and it results in better treatment and improved quality of care (Tay, Ang, & Hegney, 2012). Every aspect of communication is influenced by the differences in culture. Cultural competence gives an opportunity for the healthcare professionals to know the different cultural beliefs related to health and to incorporate awareness into diagnosis and treatment planning. Data Collection: The descriptive correlational study was conducted in medical and surgical in-patient units of King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain in 2018. The questionnaire consists of two parts: a demographic profile and the Self-Administered Communication Survey. The factors affecting nurse patient communication were categorized into Common barriers, Nurse-related barriers, Patient-related barriers and Environmental barriers. A total of 78 nurses and 75 patients took part in the study. Results: The main barriers to the nurse-patient communication from the nurses’ point of view were cultural differences between nurse and patient, differences between the language of the nurse and the patient, nurses’ lack of time and opportunity to communicate well with the patients, patients’ negative attitude towards the nurse, presence of patient’s companion, and presence of a very sick patient in the department. The main barriers to nurse-patient communication from the patient’s perspective were age difference between nurse and patient, interference of the patient’s companions, busy environment of the unit, and inappropriate environmental conditions (lack of proper ventilation, fluctuating temperature, inadequate lighting, unpleasant odor, etc.). Conclusion: Analysis of the factors influencing the communication is the basic step in resolving communications issues between nurses and patients. A good solution to be communication problems cannot be established without taking into consideration both the patients’ and nurses’ views of communication. Understanding and accepting the Islamic values and beliefs are essential in communicating and delivering care for Muslim patients. Development of broader knowledge of Arabic culture is important for all health care professionals who deliver care in the Middle Eastern on Arabic region. Recommendations: The study recommends development of effective nurse-patient communication protocols and policies in the hospital and establishment of Arabic language and communication skills training for nurses.
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    An Assessment of Plant Diversity and Conservation Status in the Province of Batangas
    ( 2014) Diona, Senda Z.
    The objective of this study was to assess the plant diversity and conservation status in the province of Batangas. The study found 751 plant species classified into 139 families in the province of Batangas. The most number of species belong to family Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Meliaceae, Graminea, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and the Lamiaceae. There were 55 threatened species (12 critically endangered, 11 endangered, 32 vulnerable) in the Batangas province. The main threats to biodiversity conservation and its underlying causes were identified as well as conservation strategies and recommendations. Mt. Banoy and the Municipality of Lobo were strongly recommended to be declared as protected area based on the result of this study. It was also recommended to have continuous research to get the total assessment of the conservation status of the province.
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    An Assessment of the Coverage, Boosters and Barriers of the Out-patient Therapeutic Care for Severe Acute Malnutrition in Albay Province, Philippines
    ( 2021) Calleja, Arlene P.
    Background: Severe acute malnutrition prevents a child from developing normally and increases mortality risk. It remains to be a major global health problem in children under 5 years of age. The community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) is a nutrition intervention aimed at the early diagnosis and management of these children at the community level through the provision of therapeutic foods coupled with facility-based management for those with medical complications. In 2015, the Philippine Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (PIMAM) program was established to manage acute malnutrition in Filipino children of less than 5 years of age. Evaluating coverage which is one of the important indicators of CMAM program performance as well as identifying its boosters and barriers were imperative. The study aimed to assess the coverage, boosters, and barriers of the PIMAM Out-patient Therapeutic Care (OTC) in the province of Albay, Philippines. Methods: This is a mixed method explanatory sequential research design adopting the Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage (SQUEAC) tool. Accrual period was from January 2019 to present. Collection and analysis of quantitative routine program data from all the cities and municipalities of Albay followed by qualitative data collection through community assessment, key-informant interviews, informal group discussions and directly observing OTC processes were done. A small area survey to validate hypotheses regarding areas with high or low coverage was subsequently conducted. Results: Analyses of secondary routine program data showed that only two out of the 18 cities and municipalities in Albay had complete program data where Municipality C had high coverage and Municipality K had low coverage in 2019. Qualitative methods identified the main boosters to program coverage which include (1) support from the Local Government Unit and the Municipal Health Officer; (2) presence of a well-trained OTC personnel; (3) OTC services are made available at the barangay level; (4) provision of door- to-door screening, follow-up and dispensing of nutrition commodity; (5) community health workers’ willingness to learn and be trained; (6) supervision of the community health workers by the OTC personnel; (7) presence of community mobilization practices; (8) support of the barangay council; (9) acute malnutrition is not stigmatized; and (10) caregivers’ awareness and acceptance of the PIMAM program. Barriers on the other hand appeared to be more significant which include (1) limited budget from the Local Government Unit; (2) Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) stockouts; (3) inadequate number of trained OTC personnel; (4) gaps in anthropometric measurements; (5) insufficient community mobilization; (6) community health workers’ lack of knowledge and training on PIMAM; (7) community’s lack of knowledge on malnutrition and the PIMAM; (8) caregivers’ laziness and indifference on their child’s condition; (9) RUTF feeding difficulties; and (10) COVID-19 pandemic stopped community mobilization and OTC admissions. The small area survey results showed low coverage in both near and far barangays in Municipality C. Conclusions and Recommendations: The study was able to present the level of PIMAM implementation in the different municipalities in Albay and was able to evaluate program data completeness and accuracy. Boosters can be considered as groundworks where opportunities to strengthen program access coverage rest. Barriers which validate coverage failure shall be addressed such that bridging gaps and augmenting inadequacies, together with adaptations to program protocols must be prioritized for an effective program implementation. The unavailability of RUTF and the COVID-19 pandemic could have explained the low coverage in both near and far barangays in Municipality C in the small area survey. The study therefore recommends the following: (1) provide measures to improve program data quality; (2) strengthen ownership of the PIMAM program by the Local Government Unit; (3) increase the number of PIMAM-trained personnel; (4) intensify OTC services at the barangay level together with the training of the community health workers on PIMAM; (5) increase the number and quality of community mobilization activities; (6) address shortage of RUTF; (7) consider program adaptations to PIMAM implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic; and (8) more research on the evaluation of the PIMAM in other regions of the country.
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    An Assessment of the Implementation of the ASEAN Cosmetic Product Notification Scheme: Focus on the Philippines
    ( 2018) Olivar, Vanessa O
    Cosmetics as a consumer good is gaining an importance in the lifestyles of Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) consumers. The experience of competition in ASEAN cosmetics has given impetus to contribute to the promotion of regional economic integration. The aim of the study is to assess the benefits, outcome and impact of the regulatory scheme agreed by the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality-Cosmetic Product Working Group (ACCSQ-CPWG). The ASEAN Economic Ministers signed the Agreement on the ASEAN Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme (AHCRS) at the 35th ASEAN Economic Ministers Meeting in Cambodia in September 2003. The objective of the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ACD) is to provide the framework for the harmonization and mutual recognition of the Standard, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment Procedures (STRACAP), to eliminate unnecessary Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Through a questionnaire survey of key cosmetics industry players in the Philippines, the study generated primary data to analyze the impact of the ACD. The study also collected secondary data and information to support the analysis. The study obtained copies of relevant Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issuances, reports, slide presentations, and visited related websites on cosmetics. Library research was done to collect copies of ASEAN Secretariat Reports and minutes of the ASEAN Cosmetic Committee (ACC) meetings, standard source of industry information such as Euromonitor international. The study was supplemented by emails, non-structured interviews and communications with past and current delegates to ACCSQ-CPWG and/or ACCSQ-ACC. The respondents in the survey confirmed significant milestones and accomplishments, benefits and impact after 10 years of implementing the cosmetic online Product Notification (PN, the e-Notification, by the Philippine FDA and the rest of the ASEAN Member State (AMS) National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs). The study has the following conclusions: a) The ACCSQ-CPWG successfully designed the ACD PN scheme to eliminate TBT. b) ASEAN member countries through their respective NRAs have established online PN systems, which increased efficiency in processing time. The Philippine FDA instituted the most efficient e-Notification system in ASEAN. c) The cosmetic industry sector was instrumental in ensuring ASEAN regulatory harmonization. d) The cosmetic industry significantly benefited in terms of ease of doing business in the region and accessing the international market, advancing globalization. e) Up to this time, cosmetics is one of the most developed and earliest among the successfully regulated industry in ASEAN, showcasing the benefits and advantages of harmonization of standards, procedures and regulatory mechanisms in ASEAN. f) Consumers are the ultimate recipient of the benefits and advantages of the ACD PN System. g) ASEAN harmonization of STRACAP is possible when the public and private sectors cooperate and collaborate to ensure that free trade is sustainable in the region. h) Trade data and trends point towards sustained growth and development of the cosmetic industry sector and the ASEAN market. By ensuring participation of the NRAs, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)-ACCSQ accomplished not only an increase in ASEAN trade in cosmetics, but also established a greater degree of assurance of consumer safety and welfare. The study is recommending key points towards a proposed strategic action plan to further promote and achieve a Single Regulatory Regime for ASEAN on cosmetics. The proposed action plan will further sustain the initial gains during the 10 years of implementing the ACD PN.
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    An Assessment of the Solid Waste Management Practices in the Upland Communities of Cebu City
    ( 2022) Prieto, Esa Ione S.
    Cebu City, a highly urbanized city in the Philippines, has portions of its boundaries being part of one of the highly significant landscapes in the Philippines, the Cebu Central Protected Landscape (CCPL). Because the city has limited flatlands, developments are encroaching vertically on the uplands. The uplands could be threatened with solid waste issues, which could harm the CCPL. The Philippines has RA 9003 in response to these issues. An assessment of the current waste management practices of residential and commercial areas in the uplands was done to check if the upland communities abide by the provisions of RA 9003. The assessment became a basis for formulating strategies to reduce waste. Information was collected through questionnaires and interviews through convenience sampling. Due to convenience sampling, the study can serve as a pilot on solid waste management studies in Philippine uplands. Overall, the residential and commercial sector respondents have shown outstanding efforts in treating solid waste through proper segregation and employing other waste reduction techniques like composting.  However, initiatives at the barangay level need improvement.
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    An Evaluation of the Community-Based Forest Management Project in Catubig, Northern Samar Using Criteria and Indicators
    ( 2005) Sarmiento, Camila C.
    This study assessed the accomplishments of the Catubig Watershed Rehabilitation Subproject in Catubig, Northern Samar in terms of the bio-physical or resource use development, socio-economic and institutional development using relevant criteria and indicators modified from the DENR Memorandum Circular 2001-04. A combination of key informant interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations through field visits of sample plantations, and review of project documents and other related literatures were used in gathering data. Results of the study showed that the people's organizations, in partnership with DENR were able to reforest and develop a total of 2433.95 ha of formerly logged-over and degraded area. Of the total reforested, 48.81% is in Catubig and 51.19% is in Las Navas. Only three (3) forest species were adopted in reforestation, namely: toog (Combretodendron quadrialatum), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) with toog being the most dominant forest tree species. Survival rates of planted species in both reforestation and agroforestry were high with mahogany as the best performing among forest tree species while abaca as the most potential among agroforest tree species. Difference in the growth of forest tree species in Catubig and Las Navas was attributed to the varying age of planting stocks during establishment. For, agroforest tree crops, on the other hand, the difference was attributed to varying soil fertility in plantation sites and the degree of care and maintenance. Project participants benefited from the CBFM project through increased income derived largely from the different CSD activities during the peak of the Catubig subproject implementation. The communities covered by the Catubig subproject likewise benefited from the CBFM project through various support facilities and services extended by the people's organizations (CAPWA and HIREDERA) and the Catubig Subproject. Both CAPWA and HIREDERA, as people's organizations were capable of sustaining the CBFM area management. Using the DENR modified criteria and indicators, the Catubig subproject have successfully rehabilitated and developed the CBFM area management. Using the DENR modifies criteria and indicators, the Catubig subproject has successfully rehabilitated and developed the CBFM area, benefited the participating households and communities, and enhanced the capability of CAPWA and HIREDERA to manage a sustainable basis the CBFM area awarded them.
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    An Evaluation of the Reforestation Project in Basilisa, Dinagat Island, Surigao del Norte.
    ( 2005) Digal, Ian Cantero
    The study was conducted to (1) describe the physical characteristics of the Basilisa Reforestation Project; and (2) assess the performance of the planted species in terms of survival and early growth. The project's land area was delineated using Global Positioning System (GPS) and its hectarage was computed with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS). A full (100%) accounting of 5-year old planted species was conducted. The trees were measured in terms of diameter and total height. Soil samples were randomly collected at the site for textural and chemical analyses and soil depth was determined by soil profiling. Secondary data on rainfall and temperature and published literature on the species' site requirements were gathered from different agencies and sources. Actual site conditions were compared to the seedling's physical requirements to attest to the site's suitability. About 1,075 trees of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), mangium (Acacia mangium) and narra (Pterocarpus indicus) were accounted for a survival rate of only 24%. About 88% of the accounted trees were species of mahogany. Mangium had the highest survival rate of 28%. The lack of maintenance, the incidence of fire, and a series of landslides were among the major reasons for the high mortality rate of the planted seedlings. Mangium had the biggest diameter and highest height among the planted seedlings. Its diameter and total height ranged from 5 cm – 23 cm and 4m – 14 m, respectively. Mahogany had an average diameter of 3.77 cm and an average total height of 2.82 m, while narra had an average diameter 3.71 cm and total height of 3.04 m. Narra seedlings were intercropped in between rows of mahogany while seedlings of mangium were planted in clusters. Open spaces measured a total of 1,080.12 square meters. In general, the physical characteristics of the site favored the growth of mahogany, mangium, and narra seedling. However, the soil in the area was inadequate for the optimal growth of the seedlings. Moreover, the project was a failure due to the non-completion of its proposed area and the absence of appropriate silvicultural management practices.
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    An Ode to Unheralded Heroism: The Volunteer Nurses’ Experiences in the Aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan
    ( 2016) Ballecer, Jasper Joseph C.
    Disaster events are extraordinary healthcare practice settings. Healthcare provision in these scenarios require extensive competencies and adaptability from healthcare workers. Involvement in these efforts have increased, as supranational initiatives in disaster response has caused the influx of volunteer disaster healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of volunteer disaster nurses in the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan using Colaizzi's (1978) Model to gain an understanding on the experience. Nine volunteer nurses who served immediately after the typhoon hit the central Philippines in late 2013. with each representing specific fields of specialty within nursing practice, were selected purposively as participants. The study's findings yielded five themes: Motivation, Realities of the Volunteer Disaster Nurse Experience, Coping while Caring, Leaving a Mark, and A Journey towards Self-discovery. Motivation was the source of the decision to help. It was also the driving force for volunteers to go through the obstacles and cope effectively. Once this has been successfully achieved, the nurses gained learnings and reflections both as human beings and as health professionals which in turn, renewed their altruism. These findings can be used by healthcare workers. educators, and health policy-makers on the practical side to promote the well-being of disaster healthcare workers by being more cognizant to their problems, challenges, and motivations. The study's findings can also be a jumping point for more in-depth inquiries and/or investigations in other disaster settings.
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    Analysis of Gender Portrayal in UP Open University Social Media Sites
    ( 2018) Serrano, Joane ; Petrasanta, Lovelyn ; Cañas-Llamas, Anna
    The UP Open University (UPOU) social media sites with about 40,000 followers accross its social media pages is assumed to have a significant role in disseminating information and knowledge for most of its learners both local and offshore. According to The Statistics Portal (statista.com), the number of social media users around the globe is estimated to increase from 2.46 billion in 2017 to 2.77 billion in 2019. Three (3) of four (4) internet users use social media, with women (76%) using social networking sites more than men (72%). This study aims to examine the portrayal and representation of women and men in the graphics and videos posted across UPOU social media sites: Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This study will make use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its theoretical and analytic framework. The study will make use of the Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM) by UNESCO (2012) as the analytical tool in analyzing gender portrayal and representation in UPOU social media posts.
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    Analysis of problems Affecting the Biñan River System in Laguna
    ( 2006) Castillo, Judith F.
    The study aimed to evaluate problems prevailing in the Biñan Micro-watershed's further degradation. Review and assessment of available documents combined with Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were undertaken in order to identify issues and problems. Planning tools such as Problem Tree, Solution Tree and Strategy Analysis were all used to analyze the problems and formulate possible strategies. Results revealed that the deteriorating quality of water in the Biñan Micro-watershed. Siltation/sedimentation, pollution and rapid increase in population were all regarded as the major contributing factors to the deteriorating quality of the river. Three (3) strategies which include integrated waste management, soil and water conservation strategy and advocacy were identified to help arrest the deteriorating quality of Biñan River system.
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    Analysis of Reasons for filing Leave of Absence (LOA) and Application for Dropping of Course/s (DRP) of the Faculty of Management and Development Studies (FMDS) Students
    ( 2018) Garcia, Primo ; Pasion-Guevarra, Jeniffer ; Muyco, Paula Grace
    Literature about online learning as well as strategies developed for keeping students enrolled concentrated on both men and women in general without disaggregating findings (Mueller, 2008). However, it is essential to examine gender in relation to distance education since this is extensively promoted to women and it is also an institution where gender and power differences are constructed (Kramarae, 2003). Bean and Metzner (1985) considered gender as an important variable in studying attrition rates given the gender-specific roles the students carry outside their classes which would influence their decisions in their studies. In the Philippines, UP Open University offers online baccalaureate, post baccalaureate, continuing education programs, and massive open and distance e-learning courses. With the changing issues and challenges faced by women in society, gender differences on student attrition must be examined to better capture the realities and perspectives of women in the Philippines. Examining the various issues and challenges faced by online learners surfaced through their reasons for filing a leave of absence (LOA) or authorized dropping (DRP) of course will help institutions develop policies and programs for more effective student support. The study identified the challenges faced by the students leading to their decision to file for LOA or DRP and surfaced the gender implications at play in the said decisions
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    Analysis of the Ecotourism Potential of the Pagbilao Mangrove Experimental Forest.
    ( 2006) Gendrano, Ma. Cecilia Leonor M.
    The research was conducted to evaluate the potential for an ecotourism management approach for the continued protection of the Pagbilao Mangrove Experimental Forest, a 145-hectare 30-year old secondary growth mangrove forest reserve, believed to significantly contribute to fisheries, wildlife, and environmental education. The study aimed to (1) determine the value of the benefits derived from the forest reserve, (2) estimate the willingness to pay of its visitors, and (3) assess the available physical, human resources and institutional capacity relevant to support ecotourism opportunities for the area. The study site is located in two adjacent barangays in Pagbilao, Quezon, namely Ibabang Palsabangon, where the Pagbilao Mangrove Experimental Forest is located and Pinagbayanan, where the potential of the community to provide ecotourism services for the mangrove reserve is assessed. The study used secondary data to show the economic importance of the said forest reserve, and visitors' survey to highlight its educational and ecological tourism importance. The willingness to pay survey was also used to determine the potential revenues that can be generated for conservation purposes, and potential livelihood opportunities that can be created for the local community through ecotourism. Ocular survey was likewise employed to know the physical capacity to accommodate visitors. Semi-structured focused-group discussions integrated in a workshop and interviews were conducted in order to determine the available human and institutional capacity which can be pertinent in implementing ecotourism plans for the mangrove reserve. Information on the community's seasonal pattern was also generated from the local residents, which provide indicators on the availability of the human resource capacities in various times of the year. The survey revealed that most of the visitors, 80 percent of them composed of students, visit the reserve for educational reasons. A significant number of student visitors are likewise likely to originate from areas more than 50 kilometers away while earning visitors are more likely to be from nearby localities. The survey also showed that close to PhP 138,000 in a year can be generated from visitors which can be utilized not only for conservation but also as a source of livelihood opportunities for the local community. The study confirmed that the same community can already participate in minimal eco-tourism services such as food retailing and in providing boat rides to visitors. The local community is also willing to undergo various capability enhancement programs in order to be better equipped to participate in ecotourism activities. The local government can provide the necessary policy support to start community involvement in the conversation and management of the said forest reserve, and to institutionalize collection of user fees to generate conservation funds. This study recommends that in order to continuously manage the highly diverse mangrove reserve and maintain its economic value, participation of local groups such as the community living near and around the mangrove reserve and the local government unit should be encouraged and welcomed by its current management body, the Quezon Ecosystems Research and Development Center (QERDC) of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources.
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    Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Coastal Environment of Cavite City Bays.
    ( 2008) Ardeza, Marvin Ernacio
    The study dealt with direct impacts of developmental projects and fish pen operation on coastal bays that surround Cavite City. It identified the indirect contribution of educational orientation to the existing condition of the said bays. Since the city is experiencing regular flooding, deteriorated potable water supply and decline in volume of fish catch by local fishermen, there is a need to mitigate factors that cause these ecological problems. A review and analysis of data and local government reports determined the possible effects of purposed project integrated in the City Comprehensive Land Use Program (CLUP). Impacts of expanding aquaculture activities in Bacoor Bay were likewise established based on observations and interview. The study presented the status of environmental education (EE) in local district schools and colleges. Results of the study were used in determining the comprehension of ecological matters. It was also used to relate the behavior of Caviteños towards the natural environment. The city's aim to be highly urbanized has entered into economic activities, which pose detrimental impacts along the coastal waters of Manila Bay, Bacoor Bay and Cañacao Bay. Scenarios that are expected due to commercialization efforts in the city include: land reclamation activities in bay areas, increase illegal squatting in the coastline, prevalence of oil spill from shipping vessels, wastewater discharges from industries, and decrease in supply of potable water due to huge amount of water consumed to a manufacturing industry. Likewise, proliferation of fishpen has resulted in the loss of traditional fishing grounds for local fishermen and navigational lanes for waterborne vessels. It could have also caused eutrophication and water pollution. Due to jurisdictional dilemma and lack of personnel from the municipal agriculture's office, proliferation of fish farms in Bacoor Bay was not controlled. The city also lacked an ordinance regulating fish farm operations. Meanwhile, based on results of the survey in San Sebastian College Recoletos De Cavite, most of the students had limited understanding of environmental concerns and existing ecological issues. This holds true for both students with EE and without EE. Furthermore, teaching abilities of public school science teachers teaching EE should also be improved. They do not have the professional background/training necessary to be able to teach the subject. They are not aware of the current issues concerning environmental degradation. Further evaluation of CLUP projects needs to be implemented to prevent continued deterioration of the three (3) coastal bays. This is to ensure that it will not only enhance the economic and social well-being of every individual but also promote a healthy environment. A council composed of different sectors of society will be tasked to facilitate the evaluation to improve implementing guidelines of CLUP. To integrate environmental concerns in the development framework, exposure to other developmental programs must be encouraged. This is to observe how sustainable and efficient these projects will be and determine their strengths and weaknesses. Proper coordination between the municipal agriculturists is needed to delineate the jurisdictional boundaries of Bacoor Bay. Efficient regulation and monitoring activities of fishfarms can be achieved if the concerned area is properly identified to prevent jurisdictional conflict. The Sangguniang Panglungsod needs to pass an ordinance to provide the municipal agriculturists with legalities in regulating the fishfarm operations. Tapping the local fishermen to assist in the conduct of monitoring activities can relieve the problem of lack of personnel. Volunteer fishermen can be given incentives and allowance in return for the services rendered. Since environmental education is severely lacking in tertiary schools in the city, it is recommended that this subject be integrated in every course curriculum. The content of EE should attain the objective of skills development to enable students to be engaged in work-related environmental problems as they practice their future profession. Teaching capabilities of EE teachers/instructors should be improved through workshop/ trainings. A standard workbook can also be developed, which will guide students to have better appreciation and understanding of the limits of the environment.
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    Analysis of the River Area Morphology and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Change of Padada River Davao del Sur for 2010 & 2020
    ( 2023) Sasuman, Mary Louise J.
    The current socio-economic development and urbanization have caused the loss of the threshold value of balance between the human and nature relationship. This scenario is altering ecosystem functions as a by-product of land use activity. This study aimed to analyze the river area morphology, and land use land cover (LULC) change between two temporal points – 2010 and 2020 of the Padada River in Davao del Sur. Specifically, the study identified the locations with significant changes in the river and the interventions and activities which caused these changes. Furthermore, this paper reviewed the proposed local resolution for lifting the identified "no extraction zone." The researcher used Geographic Information System, Remote Sensing Technology, and paired t-test to analyze the river area within the three-kilometer meandering distance upstream and the five-kilometer meandering distance downstream from the river's main dam. The result showed a statistically significant difference in the river area morphology of the Padada River between 2010 and 2020. The surface area increased by 294,978 sq m upstream and 414,370 sq m downstream. It is recommended that the prohibition of quarrying activities remain absolute and valid until the river naturally reaches its equilibrium state to ensure the integrity and safety of the Padada RIS main dam that provides livelihood and sustains food production and security in the province.
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    Anxiety, Depression and Coping Strategies Among Adult Post Myocardial Infarction Patients
    ( 2014) Tamon, Ma. Siony B.
    This study was conducted to determine the level of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular problems. This study was conducted (1) to determine the level of anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction (2) to determine relationship of anxiety on age, sex, gender, civil status, educational attainment and perceived social support (3) to determine relationship of depression on age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and perceived social support and (4) to determine the coping strategies information seeking or problem seeking among cardiac patients. This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. This was conducted at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Philippine General Hospital over a 12 week or 3 month period. There was a total of 121 respondents (M= 51.02, SD= 8.52) for this study. Majority is from age groups of middle to late adult (35.5, 34.7). Both males and females have the same proportion (49.6, 50.4) and married predominated (80, 60.1) in this study. Less than a half (57, 47.1) were high school graduates. The perceived social support has a mean of 66.55 (SD= 3.43). The findings of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between anxiety on the following variables: age (r= - -0.10, p>.05 and perceived social support (MSS) (r= o.16, p>.05), civil status (x2=2.44,p>.05), educational attainment ((x2=1.65,p>.05) and perceived social support (r= 0.16, p>.05). Patients commonly incorporate venting of feelings and denial as their coping strategies. Adult post myocardial infarction patients had high level of anxiety which corresponded to previous literatures but the depression level was low among patients.
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    ASEAN Member States' Natural Disaster Approach: A Discourse Analysis of AMS Speeches Performed in Intergovernmental Fora and Conferences
    ( 2022) Saludadez, Lorena Jean
    Multiple hazards intersect in the Southeast Asian region, making it extremely susceptible to natural disaster occurrences. Due to the significant loss of life, livelihood, and infrastructure ASEAN Member States (AMS) experience, Southeast Asia has been placed under careful scrutiny by the international community. Existing literature generally have a critical discourse on the region’s approach to natural disaster management. Although these criticisms are valid, they are devoid of the contextual realities faced by the region. Throughout the discussions, the “voice” of the AMS is muted. This research, therefore, is interested in uncovering this muted voice by emerging the AMS discourse in their natural disaster approach. This study answered the following questions: (1) How is natural disaster in the ASEAN region discursively constructed? and (2) What are the consequences or outcomes arising from the construction of “natural disaster” in the ASEAN region? In its analysis, this study utilized discourse analysis as operationalized by Gee (1999). Language and thoughts are inextricably intertwined. As such, examining discourse is one way of affecting and accessing social reality. Through analyzing AMS speeches performed in intergovernmental fora and conferences, this research uncovered three distinct themes in the AMS’ discourse on natural disaster, (1) Climate Change and Natural Disaster Events are Intertwined, (2) Southeast Asia as the Victim, and (3) the West as the Offender, and their corresponding consequences, (1) Southeast Asia sees the International Platform as a Space Where They Need to Lobby their Natural Disaster Experience, (2) Southeast Asia as a Constrained Actor in Dealing with Natural Disaster, and (3) Southeast Asia is Seeking Accountability from the West. The results of this study suggest the need for stronger consensus-building with the international community in seeking accountability from the West for the natural disaster challenges they have created.