Protecting the Dark Places: An Analysis of Cave Assessment for Cave Management in the Philippines

Abstract

Caves are hidden and fragile ecosystems that have scientific, cultural and recreational values. The Philippines has 3,193 recorded caves which must undergo assessment, classification and management planning before they can be open to the public, but often this legal process is overtaken by the demands of tourism. This results in irreversible destruction of cave formations and loss of wildlife. This study aims to contribute to cave conservation by looking at the adequacy and gaps of the cave assessment tool and the classification process in so far as they inform management decisions on cave protection measures. Content analysis was done on relevant policies to compare the classification system with other countries to find good practices which may be adapted. Cave assessment reports and management plans of three selected caves with different classifications, namely, Bayukbok I in Bulacan, Bagumbungan in Marinduque, and Hundred in Palawan were also analyzed. Staff of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB), which has jurisdiction over caves, were interviewd, as wel as cave assessors, managers and other stakeholders from the selected sites. The research found that even if guidelines are followed, the effectiveness of the assessment form is only as good as the expertise and perseverance of the team, particularly in putting in precise details. It is recommended that guidelines are added to qualify significant values and hazards and to have a simple chart to guide classification and lessen subjectivity. It is important that cave assessment remains simple, yet these standards can be added to enhance its effectiveness as a management tool for cave protection and tourist safety.