Transnational Mothering: An ASEAN Perspective on Filipino Migrant Mothers in Toronto, Canada

Abstract

The feminization of migration has given rise to the phenomenon of transnational mothering, where mothers leave their native countries to work abroad, maintaining parental roles across borders. This research explores the lived experiences of Filipino migrant mothers in Toronto, Canada, through the lens of matricentric feminism and intersectionality. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with ten Filipino mothers with various immigration statuses. The research reveals that while their core identity as mothers remains constant, their self-perception is reshaped by economic pressures, with downward occupational mobility impacting their self-worth. Despite their resilience, feelings of guilt and inadequacy persist. Family relations are influenced by their own upbringing, and they have a strong desire to create a better emotional experience for their children. The uncertainty of family reunification also complicates this. The preservation of cultural ties, on the other hand, focuses on transmitting values rather than consuming material culture, while addressing concerns about perceived cultural differences. Furthermore, their parental responsibilities are impacted by a complex interplay of economic, sociocultural, and political factors. This is evident in how lowwage and demanding jobs strain finances and limit social integration, and how temporary immigration status increases vulnerability to exploitation and discrimination. Transnational mothering changes household dynamics as financial contributions alter power relations. Mothers earn greater decision-making authority, but this shift creates tension with partners who may feel a loss of their provider status. These insights provide a lens for understanding similar patterns across other ASEAN countries that share similar cultural values. The research also highlights broader ASEAN themes, such as the primacy of the family and gendered migration. By connecting the mothers' lived realities to the region's core pillars, the study contributes to ASEAN Studies through advocating for more inclusive and people-centered policies.