FMDS Theses and Dissertations
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Theses and dissertations by graduate students from the Faculty of Management and Development Studies.
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ItemPerceived Leadership and Safety Culture of Health Care Professionals in a Government Hospital in Cebu City, Philippines( 2025)Introduction: Effective leadership is a cornerstone in cultivating a patient safety culture, particularly in acute care hospital particularly where communication, teamwork, proactive problem solving can prevent hazards such as falls, medication errors, staffing issues. When health care leaders, managers foster a supportive and optimistic environment, they enhance collaboration, boost morale and strengthen the quality of care. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational quantitative design was used in the study. A total of 353 healthcare workers were selected using stratified random sampling. The perceived level leadership of management was measured using the Leadership Assessment Tool, while perceived level of patient safety culture of healthcare workers was assessed using Manchester Patient Safety Culture Assessment Tool (MaPSCAT). Participants were healthcare workers assigned to the hospital in the Philippines. The participants were asked using a paper-to-pen test. Results: In this study, all indicators under level leadership of management scored ranging from 16-20 stating that healthcare workers have stronger authentic leadership. On the other hand, among all factors of on the perceived level of patient safety culture, teamwork has the greatest score of maturity level of proactive to generative level (proactive n=132: generative n=127) which means that healthcare workers-imposed collaboration and cooperation to each other to have safety culture in their working environment. Furthermore, Leadership and Patient Safety Culture under pearson’s r correlation test showed significant relationship (p<.05) to each other with a resulting r-value of .329. This result showed weak positive correlation. Moreover, among all profile variables, only job position showed significant relationship towards safety and culture of healthcare workers (p<.05, X^2=253.135a). Conclusion/Implications: The study found that while authentic leadership is conspicuous in the organization, with an emphasis on integrity, transparency, and moral courage, the impact of this style on patient safety culture is statistically significant but only marginal. Thus, leadership, while an important aspect, does not solely influence safety outcomes. The existing proactive safety climate, mainly in teamwork and training, manifests a commendable commitment to quality care, but one-on-one improvement in communication is warranted. Notably, job position was the only significant demographic factor noted about safety perception, which reflects the need for safety interventions tailored to different job categories. These results suggest that healthcare organizations should place priority within their strategic plan for leadership development and interventions for safety which are position-specific, thereby creating a culture of safety to enhance organizational performance.
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ItemStakeholder Perception on Organizational Structure Options for the Establishment of a Tobacco Research and Grading Institute in the Philippines( 2025)The establishment of a Tobacco Research and Grading Institute (TRGI) is an essential provision of Republic Act No. 4155 for the development of the tobacco industry, for the future of its stakeholders and its potential contribution to national progress. Sustainable development goals (SDG) and innovation pathways must be considered in establishing an organizational structure for TRGI. Republic Act No. 4155 or An Act to Promote and Strengthen the Virginia Tobacco Industry with provision for establishing TRGI from the Tobacco Fund was enacted 61 years ago on June 20, 1964 and up to the current year, 2025, TRGI has not been established. Tobacco is deeply rooted in Philippine history since colonial times and has been a significant contributor to Philippine agriculture and economy. According to the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) Commissioner, Romeo Lumagui Jr., revenues from the country's tobacco likely reached USD 7.3 billion in 2024 and noted that in 2023 alone, taxes from tobacco products reached more than PHP 134 billion. Republic Act 9211 or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003, authorizes the use of a portion of tobacco taxes for health-related programs by the Department of Health (DOH), including allocations for universal healthcare. A portion of tobacco tax revenues is also allocated for the Tobacco Fund which is a special fund for tobacco research that has grown to PHP 92.3 billion as of May 2022. Sadly, the Tobacco Fund remains unutilized for tobacco research, primarily because the institution which is mandated by law to use the special fund, the TRGI, has not been established. It is high time for the TRGI to be established to siphon funds into the research and development (R&D) programs in the tobacco industry. The 0.39% GDP spending of the Philippines for R&D, which is below the 1% benchmark recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), can be improved by tapping the Tobacco Fund as provided for by RA 4155 through the TRGI. The National Tobacco Administration (NTA), which inherited the mandates of the eight former tobacco agencies, including the establishment of TRGI must consider the SDGs in developing a new organizational structure for NTA that can accommodate the establishment of TRGI. Thus, the current NTA management must decide on the proper approach for establishing TRGI, considering the pillars of institution building, innovation pathways for sustainability, and responsible management of public funds. The primary step would be to study the stakeholder perception on establishing TRGI, specifically to engage the NTA management who are the internal stakeholders, planners and decision-makers of the tobacco agency, through interviews and survey to empirically review the proposed options for a sustainable organizational structure. The result of the stakeholder perception study will serve as a nudge and guide for NTA management to conduct planning workshops and start the change management process for the establishment of TRGI. Statistical analysis of survey results show that majority of NTA Management stakeholders are in favor of establishing the TRGI with the integrated type of approach.
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ItemIncorporating ASEAN Instruments in Policy Research and into the Legislative Processes: Perspective and Practices of a Legislative Researcher( 2025)This autoethnomethodology study examined the integration of ASEAN instruments into policy and legislative research by a researcher in the Philippine legislature. Using personal narrative and systematic content analysis of my legislative research outputs, this study examined my perspective and practices as a legislative researcher and a student of ASEAN studies in incorporating ASEAN instruments into my policy research and the legislative processes. Three practices emerged from the analysis: benchmarking and peer comparison; comparing with other country models; and using international models for policy learning. While ASEAN often plays a peripheral role rather than a central one, it provides a useful comparative framework and policy reference. Reflecting on this analysis, I recognized ASEAN’s influence on my legislative research. The three practices show that I incorporate regional and international viewpoints to improve practicality, enriching legislative inquiry beyond just ASEAN instruments or objectives. Despite extensive awareness of ASEAN, this research revealed a limited explicit reference to ASEAN in most of my knowledge products. In most of the products I analyzed, I made references to ASEAN for comparative analysis and policy learning, using either individual ASEAN member states or broader regional groupings. My experiences with the preparation and during the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) General Assembly stood out as an exception: ASEAN became central to the task, illustrating how the requirements and expectations of the institution can influence the role of ASEAN in research work. My study further revealed that ASEAN is a reference point that appears in the periphery of policy discourse: as a benchmark when evaluating the country’s programs, or to compare the position of the Philippines in international standings.
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ItemNurse Cultural Competence and Patient-Centered Care in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia( 2025)Cultural competence is increasingly recognized as essential in nursing to ensure patient-centered care in diverse healthcare settings. This study examines the relationship between cultural competence and perceptions of patient-centered care among nurses in a Saudi tertiary hospital, where expatriates constitute 80% of the nursing workforce. A descriptive correlational study examined nurses' cultural competency and patient-centered care perspectives. 166 nurses were assessed using the NCCS, which measures nurses' cultural competence towards culturally diverse patients, and the ICS-Nurse, which measures nurses’ perceptions of individualized care. Cultural competency was correlated with patient-centered care scores using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Findings revealed that nurses exhibited moderate levels of cultural competence (mean = 2.85, SD = 1.09) and high perception on patient-centered care: (mean=3.96, SD=0.86). Also, the study revealed a weak positive correlation between cultural competence and patient-centered care (r = 0.1285, p = 0.098954). The cultural competence of nurses (x2=64.750, p=<0.001) and views on patient-centered care (x2= 69.935, p=<0.001) are influenced by their nationality. However, sex, educational attainment, and years of expertise did not have significant relationship with the nurses’ cultural competence and perceptions on patient-centered care. The results underscore the necessity for ongoing training programs focusing on cultural competence and effective communication to enhance care quality. This suggests that although nurses with greater cultural competency may have a slightly positive opinion of patient-centered care, these opinions may be influence by other factors. The study suggests more research to better understand and improve nursing practice's integration of cultural competency into patient-centered care. Future research should also aim in determining proactive strategies, including education and policy reform, which are vital for fostering an inclusive healthcare environment.
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ItemPsychological Safety, Level of Burnout and Intention to Stay Among Staff Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia( 2025)Nurses play a critical role in delivering optimal patient care. However, punitive and blame-oriented organizational cultures can discourage the reporting of safety events, highlighting the importance of assessing psychological safety as a foundation for safe practice. This study examined the relationship between psychological safety, burnout, and intention to stay among staff nurses at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Jeddah. Descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design was utilized with a total of 284 Staff Nurse I employees were randomly sampled from a population of 1,081, with 234 nurses completing an electronic REDCap survey, resulting in an 82.4% response rate. The study employed Edmondson’s Psychological Safety Scale, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and McCain’s Intent to Stay Scale. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho, and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results showed more than half of the participants (52.6%) reported experiencing low psychological safety, and nearly half (50.5%) reported moderate to high burnout, particularly in both personal and work-related domains. Additionally, 56% expressed a low intention to stay. Significant positive relationship was identified between psychological safety and intention to stay (rs = .278, p < .001), however burnout and intention to stay had a negative relationship (rs = -.324, p < .001). Psychological safety was significantly related to age, marital status, nationality, and type of experience, while burnout was associated with age, nationality, length of experience, and area of assignment. The findings demonstrate that psychological safety and burnout are both important predictors of nurse retention. Interventions including psychosocial support, work-life balance programs, and supportive leadership are essential to enhance well- being, reduce turnover, and sustain Magnet standards in tertiary hospitals.