FMDS Theses and Dissertations

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Theses and dissertations by graduate students from the Faculty of Management and Development Studies.

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Browsing FMDS Theses and Dissertations by Title

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    A Comparative Study of Laws and Policies on Plastic Waste Management Between Indonesia and the Philippines
    ( 2025) Pasillas II, Arnold L.
    This study presents a comparative analysis of plastic waste management laws, policies, and practices in Indonesia and the Philippines, two of Southeast Asia’s most plastic-intensive economies. Grounded in five central pillars—policy and regulation, community capacity and management, technological innovation, partnerships and collaboration, and behavioral and cultural transformation—the research examines both institutional frameworks and community-level interventions to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of current approaches. Through thematic qualitative analysis, the study identifies recurring implementation gaps linked to enforcement challenges, infrastructure limitations, and inconsistent public participation, despite the presence of comprehensive legal instruments such as Indonesia’s National Plan of Action on Marine Debris and the Philippines’ Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. The findings culminate in a 10-point strategic framework designed to guide local and national decision-makers toward scalable, inclusive, and systems-oriented solutions. Key themes include the rise of hybrid waste management models blending technology with grassroots engagement, the evolving role of informal sectors, and the critical need for cross-sector alignment in achieving circular economy goals. The study underscores the importance of maintaining momentum in regulatory development while strengthening mechanisms for community integration, inter-agency coordination, and private sector engagement. Beyond the national lens, this research contributes to the broader ASEAN agenda on environmental cooperation by offering context-specific insights and replicable practices that can support regional harmonization of plastic waste strategies. Ultimately, it offers a timely reminder that meaningful progress in addressing plastic pollution requires not only policy commitment but sustained, multi-level alignment across institutional, societal, and market-driven actors.
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    A Culturally-Congruent Sexuality Education Content for Adolescents in Legazpi City
    ( 2012) Mirandilla, Ma. Elma L.
    This study generated age-appropriate, culturally congruent sexuality education content for adolescents 10-18 years old. It identified topics for each key concept designed for age categories: 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years old. The proposed sexuality education content was based on the consensus among teachers through three rounds of Delphi Technique using UNESCO’s International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education. The consensus on key ideas and topics was supported by significant perceptions of local experts gathered through one-on-one interviews. The research was conducted in Legazpi City. All six key concepts and topics of the Technical Guidance were found acceptable across all age categories except for several key ideas. The key concepts include: Relationships; Values, Attitudes and Skills; Culture, Society and Human Rights; Human Development; Sexual Behavior; and Sexual and Reproductive Health. Probable reasons for excluding some key ideas under various key concepts may be ascribed to the attitudes of adults specifically, prohibitive silence and adultism. Teachers and key informants in this study believed that children were too young to understand and that providing them information will provoke curiosity and entice them to engage in sexual activity. Pursuing a culturally-sound and age-appropriate sexuality education content is indispensable at this time of globalization when adolescents are drawn close to reproductive health risks primarily due to their lack of information on their sexuality. Thus, an appropriate and comprehensive sexuality education program is a significant preventive strategy.
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    Advancing the SDGs through Visayan Museum Practices: a Focused Ethnography Toward ASEAN Socio-Cultural Collaboration
    ( 2025) Martinez, Aspen Dolene
    Museums within the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) are recognized as vital sectors to drive Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).  However, the link between museums and the SDGs remains unclear, particularly in  terms of how local museums can make tangible contributions. Hence, this  ethnographic study explored the practices, challenges, and opportunities in Visayan museums for advancing the SDGs, contributing to creating an avenue for ASEAN  socio-cultural collaboration. Eight museum employees and 12 stakeholders were selected using purposive sampling, and data collection and analysis followed Spradley’s (1980) Developmental Research Sequence (DRS). Participant observation, ethnographic interviews, field notes, multimedia tolls, and artifacts were used as primary data collection tools. The findings revealed five main themes or practices in Visayan museums: prioritizing education, fostering empowerment and inclusivity, promoting cultural awareness, promoting environmental awareness, and engaging stakeholders in heritage conservation. The study also identified three main challenges on economic sustainability, physical space, and community awareness. Moreover, four major opportunities were identified, such as community engagement, partnerships and collaborations, cultural and economic development, and institutionalization of policies, which further underscored implications for ASEAN socio-cultural collaboration. Recommendations include enhancing existing initiatives aligned with the SDGs, formalizing SDG-related policies, and facilitating knowledge-sharing platforms.
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    An Assessment of Nurse-Patient Communication in a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain
    ( 2018) Rodriguez, Smitha Shalet
    Title: An Assessment of the Nurse-Patient Communication in a Tertiary Hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain Introduction: An integral part of nursing care is effective communication. It improves the relationship between the nurse and the patient, and it results in better treatment and improved quality of care (Tay, Ang, & Hegney, 2012). Every aspect of communication is influenced by the differences in culture. Cultural competence gives an opportunity for the healthcare professionals to know the different cultural beliefs related to health and to incorporate awareness into diagnosis and treatment planning. Data Collection: The descriptive correlational study was conducted in medical and surgical in-patient units of King Hamad University Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain in 2018. The questionnaire consists of two parts: a demographic profile and the Self-Administered Communication Survey. The factors affecting nurse patient communication were categorized into Common barriers, Nurse-related barriers, Patient-related barriers and Environmental barriers. A total of 78 nurses and 75 patients took part in the study. Results: The main barriers to the nurse-patient communication from the nurses’ point of view were cultural differences between nurse and patient, differences between the language of the nurse and the patient, nurses’ lack of time and opportunity to communicate well with the patients, patients’ negative attitude towards the nurse, presence of patient’s companion, and presence of a very sick patient in the department. The main barriers to nurse-patient communication from the patient’s perspective were age difference between nurse and patient, interference of the patient’s companions, busy environment of the unit, and inappropriate environmental conditions (lack of proper ventilation, fluctuating temperature, inadequate lighting, unpleasant odor, etc.). Conclusion: Analysis of the factors influencing the communication is the basic step in resolving communications issues between nurses and patients. A good solution to be communication problems cannot be established without taking into consideration both the patients’ and nurses’ views of communication. Understanding and accepting the Islamic values and beliefs are essential in communicating and delivering care for Muslim patients. Development of broader knowledge of Arabic culture is important for all health care professionals who deliver care in the Middle Eastern on Arabic region. Recommendations: The study recommends development of effective nurse-patient communication protocols and policies in the hospital and establishment of Arabic language and communication skills training for nurses.
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    An Assessment of the Implementation of the ASEAN Cosmetic Product Notification Scheme: Focus on the Philippines
    ( 2018) Olivar, Vanessa O
    Cosmetics as a consumer good is gaining an importance in the lifestyles of Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) consumers. The experience of competition in ASEAN cosmetics has given impetus to contribute to the promotion of regional economic integration. The aim of the study is to assess the benefits, outcome and impact of the regulatory scheme agreed by the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality-Cosmetic Product Working Group (ACCSQ-CPWG). The ASEAN Economic Ministers signed the Agreement on the ASEAN Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme (AHCRS) at the 35th ASEAN Economic Ministers Meeting in Cambodia in September 2003. The objective of the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ACD) is to provide the framework for the harmonization and mutual recognition of the Standard, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment Procedures (STRACAP), to eliminate unnecessary Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Through a questionnaire survey of key cosmetics industry players in the Philippines, the study generated primary data to analyze the impact of the ACD. The study also collected secondary data and information to support the analysis. The study obtained copies of relevant Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issuances, reports, slide presentations, and visited related websites on cosmetics. Library research was done to collect copies of ASEAN Secretariat Reports and minutes of the ASEAN Cosmetic Committee (ACC) meetings, standard source of industry information such as Euromonitor international. The study was supplemented by emails, non-structured interviews and communications with past and current delegates to ACCSQ-CPWG and/or ACCSQ-ACC. The respondents in the survey confirmed significant milestones and accomplishments, benefits and impact after 10 years of implementing the cosmetic online Product Notification (PN, the e-Notification, by the Philippine FDA and the rest of the ASEAN Member State (AMS) National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs). The study has the following conclusions: a) The ACCSQ-CPWG successfully designed the ACD PN scheme to eliminate TBT. b) ASEAN member countries through their respective NRAs have established online PN systems, which increased efficiency in processing time. The Philippine FDA instituted the most efficient e-Notification system in ASEAN. c) The cosmetic industry sector was instrumental in ensuring ASEAN regulatory harmonization. d) The cosmetic industry significantly benefited in terms of ease of doing business in the region and accessing the international market, advancing globalization. e) Up to this time, cosmetics is one of the most developed and earliest among the successfully regulated industry in ASEAN, showcasing the benefits and advantages of harmonization of standards, procedures and regulatory mechanisms in ASEAN. f) Consumers are the ultimate recipient of the benefits and advantages of the ACD PN System. g) ASEAN harmonization of STRACAP is possible when the public and private sectors cooperate and collaborate to ensure that free trade is sustainable in the region. h) Trade data and trends point towards sustained growth and development of the cosmetic industry sector and the ASEAN market. By ensuring participation of the NRAs, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)-ACCSQ accomplished not only an increase in ASEAN trade in cosmetics, but also established a greater degree of assurance of consumer safety and welfare. The study is recommending key points towards a proposed strategic action plan to further promote and achieve a Single Regulatory Regime for ASEAN on cosmetics. The proposed action plan will further sustain the initial gains during the 10 years of implementing the ACD PN.
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    An Ode to Unheralded Heroism: The Volunteer Nurses’ Experiences in the Aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan
    ( 2016) Ballecer, Jasper Joseph C.
    Disaster events are extraordinary healthcare practice settings. Healthcare provision in these scenarios require extensive competencies and adaptability from healthcare workers. Involvement in these efforts have increased, as supranational initiatives in disaster response has caused the influx of volunteer disaster healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of volunteer disaster nurses in the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan using Colaizzi's (1978) Model to gain an understanding on the experience. Nine volunteer nurses who served immediately after the typhoon hit the central Philippines in late 2013. with each representing specific fields of specialty within nursing practice, were selected purposively as participants. The study's findings yielded five themes: Motivation, Realities of the Volunteer Disaster Nurse Experience, Coping while Caring, Leaving a Mark, and A Journey towards Self-discovery. Motivation was the source of the decision to help. It was also the driving force for volunteers to go through the obstacles and cope effectively. Once this has been successfully achieved, the nurses gained learnings and reflections both as human beings and as health professionals which in turn, renewed their altruism. These findings can be used by healthcare workers. educators, and health policy-makers on the practical side to promote the well-being of disaster healthcare workers by being more cognizant to their problems, challenges, and motivations. The study's findings can also be a jumping point for more in-depth inquiries and/or investigations in other disaster settings.
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    Anxiety, Depression and Coping Strategies Among Adult Post Myocardial Infarction Patients
    ( 2014) Tamon, Ma. Siony B.
    This study was conducted to determine the level of anxiety and depression in patients with cardiovascular problems. This study was conducted (1) to determine the level of anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction (2) to determine relationship of anxiety on age, sex, gender, civil status, educational attainment and perceived social support (3) to determine relationship of depression on age, gender, civil status, educational attainment and perceived social support and (4) to determine the coping strategies information seeking or problem seeking among cardiac patients. This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. This was conducted at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Philippine General Hospital over a 12 week or 3 month period. There was a total of 121 respondents (M= 51.02, SD= 8.52) for this study. Majority is from age groups of middle to late adult (35.5, 34.7). Both males and females have the same proportion (49.6, 50.4) and married predominated (80, 60.1) in this study. Less than a half (57, 47.1) were high school graduates. The perceived social support has a mean of 66.55 (SD= 3.43). The findings of this study showed that there is no significant relationship between anxiety on the following variables: age (r= - -0.10, p>.05 and perceived social support (MSS) (r= o.16, p>.05), civil status (x2=2.44,p>.05), educational attainment ((x2=1.65,p>.05) and perceived social support (r= 0.16, p>.05). Patients commonly incorporate venting of feelings and denial as their coping strategies. Adult post myocardial infarction patients had high level of anxiety which corresponded to previous literatures but the depression level was low among patients.
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    Assessing the Spiritual Well-Being of Filipino Cancer Patients: A Nursing Perspective
    ( 2018) Tupas, Alyssa Jenny E.
    Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. It is a serious disease that can result in not just physical and psychosocial difficulties but also spiritual distress. Knowing Filipinos have a high reverence to God, this can affect their health-related behavior and responses to illness like cancer. This study aimed to assess the spiritual well-being of Filipino adult cancer patients ages nineteen (19) to sixty (60) years old in a tertiary hospital. The objectives were: to determine the spiritual well-being of the patients (as measured by the Ideal and Personal states of Spiritual well-being and presence of Spiritual Dissonance); to determine the relationship between the spiritual well-being of the patients and the patient factors, and to describe the spiritual well-being experiences of the patients. A descriptive correlational research was used. The results showed that the patients had the highest spiritual well-being in the Transcendental Domain which describes one’s relationship with God. Seven (7) out of the ninety (90) participants had spiritual dissonance which made them at possible risk for spiritual distress. Age, the type of cancer, and the treatment received had significant relationship with the patient’s spiritual well-being. Triangulation of qualitative data based on the patients’ response of the HOPE Questions was also done. Themes identified were “love of God, family, and friends”, “community affinity”, “fidelity to prayer”, “test of Faith”, and “empathy”. In conclusion, Filipino adult cancer patients have high spiritual well-being despite the cancer burden. Havin this illness was a test of faith in which time had been an important component. At first, the patients experienced doubts their spiritual beliefs but eventually, with the acceptance of the illness comes a stronger faith in God. God, family, and friends had been their main source of strength, motivation, and hope. The religious community of the patients also helped develop the patient’s spiritual well-being through prayer and other spiritual acts, and by providing support to the patients. In the presence of cancer where the body and mind go weak, the cancer patients rely on the spirit to pull him or her through. This is where nursing plays an important role. The therapeutic interpersonal process between a nurse and a patient can help the patient develop aspects of life that he or she deems important in his or her spiritual health. Nurses can provide spiritual care to the cancer patients by identifying their spiritual needs, praying with them, allowing them to practice their spiritual beliefs, and by empathizing with them.
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    Automating Repository Management and Knowledge Sharing: Practices in BPO Support Services for Research and Development
    ( 2025) Estonio, Maria Katrena P.
    This qualitative case study analyzes the use of automation in knowledge-sharing and repository management within the IT Support Services (ITSS) department of a business process outsourcing (BPO) company for research and development. It focuses on the effects of three automation tools: Chatbot Automation, Technology Resource and Support Automation, and Remote Work Access Automation, examining how they affect job performance and information-sharing practices. The study rests on ethnomethodology, which focuses on how social practices are organized, and applies thematic analysis to derive patterns across the automation processes. The findings indicate that automation transcends a purely technical solution, functioning instead as a process shaped by users' social interactions and contextual modifications. Chatbot Automation enhances self-service and provides responsive support, allowing users to choose assistance options based on their specific needs and familiarity with the system. Technology Resource and Support Automation promotes peer-led, collaborative knowledge building, where employees contribute insights, workarounds, and feedback that shape the evolving repository. Remote Work Access Automation enables users to engage with repositories across devices and locations, supporting knowledge sharing in flexible and distributed work environments. Together, these automation practices reflect the organization’s underlying values of autonomy, responsiveness, and co-development. They promote continuity, adaptability, and user-centered knowledge sharing. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on practice-based automation by highlighting the essential role of support services in sustaining R&D-related knowledge infrastructures in S&T-driven settings.
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    Biodiversity in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Current Data
    ( 2005) Tabangay-Baldera, Jeanne
    This study is aimed at assessing the adequacy of available biodiversity data to support conversation efforts in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River national Park, Palawan Island, Philippines. Eleven studies which were undertaken fom 1993 to 2002 were reviewed. Systematic species inventories and baseline data generation had been the primary focus of previous works. A preliminary list of plants, mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and some invertebrates can be obtained from these studies. However, there are large gaps of knowledge on the basic biology and ecology of many key species. Knowledge of the park's biodiversity is limited and is presently outdated. There is a critical need for a research agenda that is up-to-date, of high quality and not redundant.
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    Contestation on the Strategic Relevance of Amphibious Warfare in ASEAN: Discourse Analysis of Defense Strategies and Evolving Security Doctrines in the ASEAN Regional Security Architecture
    ( 2025) Liwanag, Nelson P.
    This study investigates the strategic articulation, constructed relevance, and historical foundations of amphibious warfare within ASEAN’s evolving security discourse, particularly in the context of maritime disputes in the South China Sea. The researcher examined defense documents, official communications, strategic narratives, defense journal and academic articles among ASEAN member states including Timor-Leste and identified varying degrees of doctrinal emphasis and operational integration of amphibious capabilities. The first part of the study explores how amphibious warfare is formally articulated in national policies and military modernization programs, revealing a spectrum from explicit doctrine to implicit functional adoption and the articulated value to their respective defense strategies. The second section analyzes how the relevance of amphibious operations is constructed within ASEAN’s broader security dynamics, highlighting how such capabilities are framed not as instruments of aggression but as flexible tools for sovereignty assertion, deterrence, disaster response, and regional cooperation, particularly amidst Chinese maritime assertiveness. The final section examines privileged themes emerging from historical and contemporary practices, including strategic geography, dual-use functionality, and symbolic contestation, underscoring how amphibious warfare informs and reflects the competing strategic priorities across the region. Amphibious capabilities are increasingly regarded as essential for states managing the intersection of national defense, ASEAN principles, and the evolving Indo-Pacific security landscape. This study draws on primary documents, defense white papers, and doctrinal texts to examine how regional states justify, define, and implement these capabilities. Rather than being framed solely as tools for deterrence or military power projection, amphibious forces are often presented as adaptable assets suited for humanitarian missions, maritime security, and regional cooperation. Although ASEAN members operate within a shared normative structure under the Political-Security Community, their approaches to amphibious warfare vary significantly. These differences reflect not only distinct national security priorities but also broader geopolitical pressures, particularly those related to the South China Sea. Strategic narratives and doctrinal developments reveal how national interests can both align with and diverge from ASEAN’s broader goals of regional stability. The study also explores how external partnerships, especially with the United States and China, influence the perception and development of amphibious capabilities. While these forces remain vital to the military strategies of several ASEAN countries, their future strategic relevance will hinge on whether they support collective regional efforts or contribute to emerging rivalries.
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    Critical Care Family Informational Support and Stress Level among ICU Patients' Family Members
    ( 2014-08-14) Balante, Jay M.
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of the critical care family informational support (CCFIS) in the critical care unit to the family members’ level of stress. Specifically, this study was conducted (1) To determine the difference in the level of stress of the family members before and after the intervention in terms of dissociation symptoms and clustered symptoms; (2) To determine the difference in the level of stress of the family members between the experimental group and comparison group in terms of dissociation symptoms and clustered symptoms; (3) To determine the relationship between the level of stress and the following variables: gender, age, relationship to the patient, and educational attainment. This study utilized the non-equivalent control group pre-test-post-test design, which involved an experimental treatment and two groups of subjects observed before and after its implementation. The control group received the typical hospital routine while the experimental group received the CCFIS, a 2-phase intervention directed to provide basic and essential information about the intensive care unit to the family members of ICU patients. There were 25 respondents for the control group and 30 for the experimental group. Results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of stress between pre-test and post-test on dissociation symptoms (p=0.00) after the CCFIS was done to the study group. There was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the comparison group in both the dissociative symptoms and clustered symptoms. CCFIS was effective in decreasing the level of stress particularly in terms of the dissociation symptoms. The intervention played an important role in meeting the informational needs of the family members, allowing them to re-process the stressful situation of having a patient in critical care, thereby promoted coping and decreased level of stress.
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    Educational – Spiritual Care Intervention (ESCI) and Self Care of Community Dwelling Senior Citizens with Type 2 DM
    ( 2013) Rodulfa, Ester R.
    The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge on how educational-spiritual care intervention (ESCI) affect diabetes self-care activities of community dwelling senior citizens with type 2 diabetes, and to gain insight on the qualities of the intervention that lead to treatment satisfaction. The study utilized a quasi-experimental one group pretest posttest design for the quantitative part and focus group discussion of the qualitative part. It was participated by 33 senior citizens with type 2 diabetes who were seeking consultation at a primary health care center. Findings suggest that after the intervention, significant improvement in self-care activities and spiritual health of senior citizens were observed. Finding further suggests variables such as family support. Having concordant, comorbidities. The number of years diagnosed with diabetes, however, was not associated with any self-care activity. The participants described the qualities of the intervention that gave them treatment satisfaction in themes as being humane, being accessible, being educational, effective, and on that provides social connectedness. Diabetes knowledge and spiritual health leads to improvement in self-care practices. Family support that allows seniors to shift role from caregiver to care receiver enhances self-care. Increased clinic visits enable physicians to prescribe blood glucose monitoring and therefore increase the practice of this self-care activity. Comorbidities that are concordant with diabetes have similar diet regimen can increase the chances of practicing this self-care activity. It is not the number of years of diagnosis that affect the practice of self-care, but the type of symptoms felt. When symptoms are uncomfortable, patients are more likely to practice self-care. Analysis revealed that the qualities of the intervention that result to treatment satisfaction are mostly influenced by good nurse-patient interaction since it is the factor that establishes the kind and the manner of how care is delivered. Educational-spiritual care intervention (ESCI) therefore provides a holistic nursing care which improves the practice of diabetes self-care activities, spiritual health and treatment satisfaction of community dwelling senior citizens with type 2 diabetes.
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    Effect of Intensive Wound Care Education on the Incidence of Wound Issues among Operative Orthopedic Patients in the Kingdom of Bahrain
    ( 2019) Raval, Arlyn Tambong
    Surgical site infection contributed to a major cause of mortality and morbidity of many patients that threatens most of their lives. Unexpected change of dressings also caused increase cost expenditure and exhaustive effort for most of the patients. The aim of the present study was to identify the effect of intensive wound care education among operative orthopedic patients posted for major surgery in eradicating wound issues and in identifying the relationship of risk factors in acquiring wound infections such as age, sex, diabetes, obesity and diet. A quasi-experimental one group only posttest repeated measure design had been used among a total of 100 inpatients with major operations. Patients’ demographic data had been collected and the respondents were immersed in learning wound care before surgery and after surgery before discharge using presentation, pamphlets, and videos. The Bates Jensen Wound Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the wound status in three-time evaluation and scored accordingly to quantify wound issues. ANOVA and Chi Square coefficient as a statistical tool had been used for analysis and to determine relationship of the identified risk factors in acquiring wound infection and unexpected change of dressings. There was a zero incidence of surgical site infection among the 100 inpatients who were being educated intensively about wound care. Moreover, there was a decrease in the incidence of unexpected change of dressing during the implementation of proper care of the patients’ surgical sites. In regards with risk factors, there was no relationship between incidences of wound infection and age, sex, obesity, diabetes, and diet. However, in the case of unexpected change of dressing, only diabetes had a significant association with unanticipated change of dressings. Overall, in depth wound care education was effective to prevent wound issues and lead the wound into its healing phase. Therefore, the role of health care providers as health educators is a paramount responsibility to pave way for a successful recovery of orthopedic patients.
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    Effect of Watson's Care (COVID 19 Awareness and Related Experience) Program to Reduce Anxiety Level of Health Care Workers Due to COVID 19 in a Tertiary Hospital in Quezon City, Philippines
    ( 2025) Ongpauco, Jane Ivah
    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), particularly those in isolation due to infection. This study investigates the effectiveness of Watson’s CARE (COVID-19 Awareness & Related Experience) Program in reducing the anxiety levels of HCWs at the Philippine Heart Center. Grounded in Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, the study utilizes a structured intervention comprising clinical caritas processes designed to foster a caring and supportive environment for isolated HCWs. A quasi-experimental research design was employed, with participants divided into an intervention group receiving the Watson’s CARE Program and a control group receiving standard care. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels among HCWs who participated in the program, highlighting the importance of structured caring interventions in improving mental well- being during health crises. These findings support the integration of Watson’s CARE Program into nursing practice to enhance emotional resilience and patient care quality.
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    Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Home Based Massage Therapy in Improving the Behavior of Children with Autism
    ( 2009) Malate-Floranda, Lualhati Maxima
    The Research Problem: Autism is one of the most common childhood development disorders, even more prevalent than Down Syndrome. Children with autism exhibit a wide array of symptoms and behaviors that can range from mild to severe. Autism is usually diagnosed at the age of 18 months and above, affecting males three times more than the females and it is characterized by unusual social interaction, speech and language problems, repetitive and ritualistic behaviors, sometimes self-injuring behaviors such as biting and head banging, aggressive behaviors, frequent tantrums occurring for no apparent reason, and sensory processing impairment. Sensory integration in the form of massage therapy is one of the complimentary interventions that contribute to behavior changes among children with autism and other development disorders. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and nurse-led home-based massage therapy utilizing the parents as therapists in improving three problems commonly associated with autism namely, self-injurious behavior, stereotypic behaviors and agitation. The objectives of this study were: 1. To determine the extent of following behaviors among children with autism before the implementation of the intervention: a. Stereotype behaviors b. Self-injurious behaviors c. Agitation 2. To determine the extent of the following behaviors among children with autism after the implementation of the intervention: a. Stereotype behaviors b. Self-injurious behaviors c. Agitation 3. To determine the difference in the behavior of the children with autism before and after the implementation of the intervention. 4. To identify the problems encountered by the caregiver in the implementation of the program. Methods: The study utilized a two-group quasi experimental research design. The subjects were selected based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria and were assigned to either the study or control group. The sample consisted of thirty children with autism ranging from 3 to 6 years of age and are currently attending a special school who were assigned to massage therapy (study group) performed by the caregiver and massage therapy performed by a professional therapist as the control group. Parents in the massage therapy group were trained by a registered nurse to massage their children for 15 minutes prior to bedtime every night for one month. Random assignment was used, and the study was conducted in two selected schools namely: Starflight Development Center for Special Children located in Rocka II Annex, Sta. Rita, Guiguinto, Bulacan and Bicol Development and Learning Center in Iriga City. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Respondents of this study were the caregivers of the children with autism who completed the training program. They were all mothers, educated and have learned the massage techniques taught by the nurse. There were a total of 30 subjects (15 for the study group and another 15 for the control group). The mean differences noted in the standard deviations imply that as a whole, the behavior of the children with autism had improved satisfactorily after the massage therapy. There was a significant difference in the behavior of both the control group and study group after receiving massage therapy in regard to stereotypic behavior, self-injurious behavior as well as agitation. The findings showed that massage done by parents could make a difference in the behavior of children with autism. The application of the massage therapy to autistic children gave positive results that led to the decrease in most of the behaviors manifested by children with autism. These findings are very encouraging as they indicate that, massage therapy done by caregivers who were previously trained by a nurse can minimize the manifestations of stereotypic behaviors, self-injurious behaviors and agitation in children with autism. Massage can be part of the holistic nursing intervention not only for pediatric patients in the ward but also for children with autism in the home setting. CONCLUSIONS: The findings led to the following conclusions: • Nurses are effective trainers for caregivers of children with autism, hence, nurses working in the community setting can conduct training programs on massage for caregivers of children with autism. • Home caregivers trained by a nurse to do massage can be effective therapists of their child with autism. • Massage therapy done by caregivers who were previously trained by a nurse can minimized the manifestations of stereotypic behaviors, self-injurious behaviors and agitation in children with autism. • Massage therapy implemented as home program by caregivers can affect a change in the behavior of children with autism. • The training program has effected a change on the caregivers in terms of level of understanding about autism and the importance of massage as an intervention in controlling the behaviors of their child with autism. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the results of the study, the following recommendation are drawn: Nursing education: 1. Nursing schools should include detailed massage therapy as part of nursing skills so that the students will gain competence in massage therapy, that they may be able to rain more parents of children with autism during their stint in the community. 2. Massage therapy be part of nursing intervention in the car of children with autism in the home or hospital setting. Future trainings: 1. Future massage training in the community must also include the other members of the family utilizing the same massage therapy program used in this study. Future studies: 1. Future researchers can look into the effectiveness as well of the other members of the household (siblings, yayas, and grandparents) as therapist of the child with autism. 2. Future researches can look into the effectiveness of this therapy for similar symptoms in conditions other than autism.
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    Effects of Newborn Care Health Education Program to the Maternal Role Competence of Filipino First Time Mothers
    ( 2013) Rodriguez, Ma. Antoniette D.
    Background: Most women look forward to their new role as mother, despite knowing that it will change their lives dramatically. Successful adjustment leads to satisfaction in the mothering role that can be expressed through self-confidence, self-esteem, competence and mastery of their new role that can be expresses through self-confidence, self-esteem, competence and mastery of their new role. The benefits of a Newborn Care Health Education Program for first time mothers on the maternal role competence have implication for a further development and advancement to minimize the risk of Neonatal morbidity and mortality. Low-cost, effective newborn health interventions can save millions of lives. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a structured Newborn Care Health Education Program on the Maternal Role Competency of Filipino time mothers in terms of their efficacy and satisfaction. Design: A pretest – posttest, control group quasi experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in the national tertiary maternity hospital in Metro Manila. Participants: A sample of 243 Filipino first time mothers on their 32 to 36 weeks AOG was gathered from July 2012 to January 2013. Purposing sampling was done. Inclusion criteria were primiparous women who are caring for the newborn child for the first time. They may also be women who have given birth to stillborn children and had miscarriage in their first pregnancy. Methods: The intervention was a complete and structure Newborn Health Education Program for Filipino First time Mothers. The study group (n=128) received the NCHEP while the comparison group (n=115) received the routine childbirth education. Outcomes were measured by the Parenting Sens of Competency Scale tool pre- and post-test. Results: Filipino first-time mothers who receive the NCHEP have low efficacy compared to the high efficacy of the comparison group in the pretest but both study and comparison group have high satisfaction in the pretest. However, both groups have low satisfaction in the post test. There is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the study group according to their efficacy while there is a significant difference between the pretest and the posttest of the study group according to their satisfaction. There is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the study group according to their efficacy the while there is a significant difference between the pretest and the posttest according to their satisfaction. There is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest of the study group according to their efficacy and there is a significant difference between the pretest and the posttest of the comparison group according to their satisfaction. There is no significant difference between the posttest of both groups according to their efficacy. There is no significant difference between the posttest of both groups according to their satisfaction.
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    Effects of Reiki Therapy On Stress And Biophysical Measures Among Adults With Hypertension in Laguna, Philippines
    ( 2019) Cutay, Rose Ann B.
    Elevated blood pressure or hypertension is a well-known main risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among adult population and it affects more than a billion of people worldwide. It is therefore necessary to develop management to control hypertension. Complementary therapy with its holistic dimension can be effective tool for dealing with this challenge, to the degree that they aid in preserving homeostasis throughout life. Reiki, a universal vital energy, intends to support in restoring the energetic system of the body by stimulating natural healing processes of the body. These processes can be utilized to generate relaxation and heal health problems. The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of Reiki therapy on the biophysical measures (blood pressure and heart rate) and stress level of individuals with essential hypertension. The study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and selection of study participants was through non probability purposive sampling. Of the 217 screened individuals, 125 individuals excluded from the study and only 92 met the eligibility criteria. Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) were recruited and trained by the principal investigator to be Reiki practitioner who implemented Reiki treatment to study participants. Reiki practitioners followed Reiki protocol which involved 19 different hand positions and placement on study participant’s body that lasted for 2 minutes. One day prior to Reiki therapy, baseline data were taken. Biophysical measures such as the blood pressure and heart rate were measured using OMRON HEM 7120 digital BP monitor and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to measure the level of stress. One week after the last Reiki therapy session, biophysical measures and stress level were once again measured. This study reported that the level of stress among adult patients with essential hypertension before and after Reiki intervention was within the moderate stress scores. Moreover, this study reported that the level of biophysical measures (blood pressure and heart rate) among adult patients with essential hypertension before and after Reiki intervention was considered stage 2 hypertension. Using paired sample t-test, the study results showed that there are no significant differences in the level of stress and biophysical measures (blood pressure and heart rate) after Reiki therapy. Lastly, the correlation coefficient results did not report relationship between the level of stress and biophysical measures. The correlations were weak and not statistically significant, between heart rate and stress level, between heart rate and systolic BP, between heart rate and diastolic and between systolic BP and stress level.
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    Effects of Use of Kolkolis Foort Stick Massage on Physiologic Responses among Adults with Primary Hypertension from Ethnic Groups of LaTrinidad Benguet
    ( 2014-07-15) Bacani, Elaine L.
    Complementary and alternative medicine is gradually gaining entry to the field of nursing in terms of provision of holistic patient care. It refers to methods, products or health practices being applied in combination or singly to maintain wellness and even treat illnesses. In the Philippines, a variety of alternative medicine exists since the locals are of different descents and ethnicity. This applies to the different cultural practices and norms being observed. Such practice is the Kolkolis foot stick Massage in Benguet, a province in Northern Luzon. People who have experienced it claimed to have been relaxed, had reduction of pain and better sleep. The interest in studying this practice came about not only because of its possible contribution as nursing non-pharmacologic intervention, but more so because of the preservation of culture encompassing it and its acceptability in a local community. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Kolkolis on the physiologic responses (blood pressure, heart rate, hours of sleep) of selected patients with primary hypertension in Benguet. This study utilized a pretest-posttest, one group design and was done at a barangay health unit in La Trinidad, Benguet. All of the patients (n=63) who participated in this study were selectively chosen based on exclusion/inclusion criteria. The study participants received the usual nursing care and the intervention for two consecutive days. The group was monitored for blood pressure, heart rate, and hours of sleep using tools that were pilot tested and shown to have a fairly high degree of reliability. Expertise of the nurse in doing the procedure was ensured by undergoing training from the experts of Kolkolis massage in the province. The Ethics Review Board, UPOU granted approval for the thesis. The office of the National Commission for Indigenous People (NCIP) and the local government units were consulted, and approval was given. The results showed most of the participants were females, married, with the mean age of 54 years, and mostly belonging to the Kanka ey tribe. Participants were reported to have had their hypertension diagnosed within 2-5 years. Findings showed that there was significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures after the procedure. Heart rate was significantly decreased, and sleep hours had improved. The responses were observed to be of short-term duration. The participants expressed the relaxing effects and good feeling given by the Kolkolis massage. Since this study provided an avenue as a strategy on health promotion for primary hypertension, recommendation is made to support the practice of Kolkolis massage by the local government units. Nursing guidelines can be developed for community health. The intervention is acceptable, affordable and culturally congruent. Further research on this intervention is recommended.
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    Effects of Waitan Kung on Biophysical Measures and Well-Being of Older Persons
    ( 2016-05-16) Braceros, Gianina E.
    The study sought the effects of Wai Tan Kung exercise on biophysical measures (heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and pulse pressure) and well-being (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) of older persons. Utilizing non-probability purposive sampling, 52 eligible participants from Brgy. 274, Zone 25, Binondo formed the final sample of the research. The intervention ran for five weeks, at three times a week for a total of 15 sessions. Each session was 1 hour long. Before the session began, biophysical measurements were recorded again within 5 minutes after exercise, and after 30 minutes of Wai Tan Kung exercise. This was repeated for all 15 sessions. Meanwhile, the Filipino version of the WHOQOL-BREF tool was administered before the first session of the intervention began, and after the final session. Results show that there were positive changes in almost all measures, except for heart rate. In terms of perceived well-being, the participants generally had a positive perceived well-being before the intervention (pre-intervention) but this further improved after the intervention (post-intervention). Correlation between the post-intervention scores on all domains of perceived well-being and all values for biophysical measures before, directly after, and after 30 minutes of WTK exercise revealed marginal correlations which were not statistically significant.