Minilateralism Shaping ASEAN Centrality: The Case of Sulu-Sulawesi Seas Patrol

Abstract

Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (INDOMALPHI) formed the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas Patrol (SSSP) to confront the Abu Sayyaf Group’s (ASG) abduction of ship crews in said areas. SSSP is categorized as minilateralism and was formed inside ASEAN. This study was conducted to understand how minilateralism will shape ASEAN centrality and how it will support ASEAN multilateralism. Data from the key informant interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

The findings revealed that minilateralism shaping ASEAN centrality is a process that takes form in the series of meetings to launch SSSP. The normative purpose of ASEAN centrality which is linked to ASEAN’s fundamental beliefs guided the INDOMALPHI states in implementing the SSSP. However, the language barrier between Indonesia and the Philippines affects the negotiation. Still, it can be addressed by the right mechanism. Relatedly, the norm against regional defense cooperation which was deemed as a basic practice in ASEAN by Noordin Sopiee (Acharya, 2009, p.91) is the primary factor that push INDOMALPHI states to engage in a minilateral arrangement.

The success and effectiveness of SSSP present a new approach for ASEAN to consider when solving problems at the ASEAN level is not possible. Hence, minilateralism supporting ASEAN multilateralism is about exploring other mechanisms and supplementing what is not feasible on the regional scale. With this, the study recommends strengthening the informal diplomacy or “barkadahan” concept to offer other options for member states in addressing their issues/concerns.