FMDS Scholarly Articles

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https://repository.upou.edu.ph/handle/20.500.13073/10
Faculty and staff research papers from the Faculty of Management and Development Studies.

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    Living with and Caring for a Type I Diabetic Child: Coping and Depression Symptoms in Mothers
    ( 2017) Oruga, Myra ; Bagos, Jelaine
    Voices of mothers living with and caring for their children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) will be explored in this study through the use of photovoice lens and survey. Studies show that parental coping with the stress of diabetes is likely to play an important role in child and family adjustment to the disease. Their coping skill not only influences their psychosocial health and wellbeing but it also affects their children’s psychosocial adjustment and quality of life (QOL). Thus, the paper aims to create a framework on the effect of the coping styles used by mothers of children with T1D to mothers’ psychosocial adjustment to the disease by using a combination of grounded theory, photovoice, and survey research design as methodology. With a 2-year reference period (2016-2018), around 50 mothers with Type 1 Diabetic children from at least three (3) Diabetic Club Organizations within Laguna will serve as the respondents of the study. Ten to 20 of them will be randomly selected to participate in a series of workshops or focus group discussions (FGDs) and photography sessions. Researcher-administered questionnaires will first be distributed to gather data onsocio-demographic characteristics, coping styles, and depression symptoms. The study will adopt the questions from The Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977) questionnaire to assess symptoms of depression in mothers; and the Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ) (Connor-Smith, 2000) to determine mothers’ coping styles. A workshop for randomly selected participants will then be conducted to explain to them how photovoice is conducted its specific do’s and dont’s. Photography sessions will be conducted to collect more in-depth data on mothers’ coping styles. Focus group discussions will serve as venue for the mothers to explain the meanings of their respective photographs; emerging patterns from their explanations will be observed. Data from the survey and photovoice sessions will then be analyzed to develop the framework. Key informant interviews (KIIs) with officials from the Provincial Health Office and randomly selected City/Municipal Health Offices will also be done to review existing policies and programs on Type 1 Diabetes in Laguna. These factors contribute significantly to the success of an effort (e.g. future health programs). Furthermore, gaining the support of policy makers is an essential part in strategic program planning (FAO, 2014). Recommendations based on the results of the study could help improve the identified existing policies and programs on Type 1 Diabetes and guide future activities, particularly on coping skills training for mothers to help lessen the impact of T1D on parents and families.
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    Gender Sensitivity of UPOU-Produced Open Educational Resources
    ( 2018) Serrano, Joane ; Gelisan, Luisa ; Gonzales, Eubelle
    In support of the Magna Carta of Women and to further promote gender mainstreaming, the Philippine national government issued a circular directing government agencies, including state colleges and universities to adopt Gender Equality Guidelines in the development of media policies and programs. Studies (Benavot, 2016; Blumberg, 2007; Jenkins & Phillips, 1995; Kerkhoven, Russo, Land-Zandstra, Saxena, & Rodenburg, 2016; Mills & Mustapha, 2015;) showed that gender bias and language insensitivity in learning materials negatively affect female students’ general performance. The Multimedia Center (MC), the unit of the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) that is tasked to design, develop, produce, and disseminate multimedia course materials has been implementing practices to make UPOU multimedia learning materials more inclusive and gender fair. This study examines the gender fairness of the “Open Educational Resources (OER) for Technology for Teaching and Learning” video series. These series of videos produced by the MC is disseminated to the learners and general public via the UPOU Networks, the university’s virtual repository of learning materials. To study the gender sensitivity of the videos, content analysis will be done using the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) gender-sensitive indicators and the Philippine Commission on Women Towards a Gender Fair Media guidelines.
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    Gender Portrayal in UP Open University Social Media Sites
    ( 2018) Serrano, Joane ; Petrasanta, Lovelyn ; Cañas-Llamas, Anna
    The UP Open University (UPOU) social media sites with about 40,000 followers accross its social media pages is assumed to have a significant role in disseminating information and knowledge for most of its learners both local and offshore. According to The Statistics Portal (statista.com), the number of social media users around the globe is estimated to increase from 2.46 billion in 2017 to 2.77 billion in 2019. Three (3) of four (4) internet users use social media, with women (76%) using social networking sites more than men (72%). This study aims to examine the portrayal and representation of women and men in the graphics and videos posted across UPOU social media sites: Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This study will make use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its theoretical and analytic framework. The study will make use of the Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM) by UNESCO (2012) as the analytical tool in analyzing gender portrayal and representation in UPOU social media posts.
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    Gender Fairness of UPOU-Produced Open Educational Resources
    ( 2018) Serrano, Joane ; Gelisan, Luisa ; Gonzales, Eubelle
    In support of the Magna Carta of Women and to further promote gender mainstreaming, the Philippine national government issued a circular directing government agencies, including state colleges and universities to adopt Gender Equality Guidelines in the development of media policies and programs. Studies (Benavot, 2016; Blumberg, 2007; Jenkins & Phillips, 1995; Kerkhoven, Russo, Land-Zandstra, Saxena, & Rodenburg, 2016; Mills & Mustapha, 2015;) showed that gender bias and language insensitivity in learning materials negatively affect female students’ general performance. The Multimedia Center (MC), the unit of the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) that is tasked to design, develop, produce, and disseminate multimedia course materials has been implementing practices to make UPOU multimedia learning materials more inclusive and gender fair. This study examines the gender fairness of the “Open Educational Resources (OER) for Technology for Teaching and Learning” video series. These series of videos produced by the MC is disseminated to the learners and general public via the UPOU Networks, the university’s virtual repository of learning materials. To study the gender sensitivity of the videos, content analysis will be done using the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) gender-sensitive indicators and the Philippine Commission on Women Towards a Gender Fair Media guidelines.
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    Development of a Counselling Framework for Mothers of Children with Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease
    ( 2018) Ridulme, Queenie
    HIV cases in the Philippines are increasing every month according to the HIV/AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines of the Department of Health and so are cases of mothers with perinatally infected children (Department of Health Epidemiology Bureau, 2016). At present, psychosocial and nutrition counseling is only provided after 6 months post delivery. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for counselling mothers of children with perinatally acquired HIV disease. It will utilize a grounded theory approach, using interviews and focus group discussions of mothers living with HIV, as well as experts in HIV and counselling. Themes and their relationships will be identified to create a framework for counselling the participants.
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    Analysis of Reasons for filing Leave of Absence (LOA) and Application for Dropping of Course/s (DRP) of the Faculty of Management and Development Studies (FMDS) Students
    ( 2018) Garcia, Primo ; Pasion-Guevarra, Jeniffer ; Muyco, Paula Grace
    Literature about online learning as well as strategies developed for keeping students enrolled concentrated on both men and women in general without disaggregating findings (Mueller, 2008). However, it is essential to examine gender in relation to distance education since this is extensively promoted to women and it is also an institution where gender and power differences are constructed (Kramarae, 2003). Bean and Metzner (1985) considered gender as an important variable in studying attrition rates given the gender-specific roles the students carry outside their classes which would influence their decisions in their studies. In the Philippines, UP Open University offers online baccalaureate, post baccalaureate, continuing education programs, and massive open and distance e-learning courses. With the changing issues and challenges faced by women in society, gender differences on student attrition must be examined to better capture the realities and perspectives of women in the Philippines. Examining the various issues and challenges faced by online learners surfaced through their reasons for filing a leave of absence (LOA) or authorized dropping (DRP) of course will help institutions develop policies and programs for more effective student support. The study identified the challenges faced by the students leading to their decision to file for LOA or DRP and surfaced the gender implications at play in the said decisions
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    Analysis of Gender Portrayal in UP Open University Social Media Sites
    ( 2018) Serrano, Joane ; Petrasanta, Lovelyn ; Cañas-Llamas, Anna
    The UP Open University (UPOU) social media sites with about 40,000 followers accross its social media pages is assumed to have a significant role in disseminating information and knowledge for most of its learners both local and offshore. According to The Statistics Portal (statista.com), the number of social media users around the globe is estimated to increase from 2.46 billion in 2017 to 2.77 billion in 2019. Three (3) of four (4) internet users use social media, with women (76%) using social networking sites more than men (72%). This study aims to examine the portrayal and representation of women and men in the graphics and videos posted across UPOU social media sites: Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This study will make use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as its theoretical and analytic framework. The study will make use of the Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM) by UNESCO (2012) as the analytical tool in analyzing gender portrayal and representation in UPOU social media posts.
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    Empowering Women Entrepreneurs through Open and Distance Learning: The Case of the Germany Alumnae
    ( 2019) Gervacio, Juvy Lizettte
    This research will look into how Open and Distance e-Learning (ODeL) empower women entrepreneurs specifically in their ability to use what they have learned from the course in another context; ability to work independently and share experiences with other participants, among others. Specifically, it will look into how the entrepreneurship online modules were designed and implemented; the perception of participants regarding the online program; the business plans as immediate outputs of the program; the knowledge and competencies gained by the participants; and the progress of at least three projects presented by them. The research will focus on the case of the Blended Learning Course on Entrepreneurship for Germany Alumnae that was conducted by the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). Further, it will also follow up on three business ideas that were developed by three participants of the program.
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    The Relationship of Gender Difference and Self- Regulation Among Online Learners in the Philippines
    ( 2021) Ramos, Rita ; Rosario, Hanna May
    The drastic shift to online education has continued to persist among learners as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect every nation worldwide. Besides the issue of the digital divide, the current online learning environment of learners has also paved the way for issues based on gender and academic performance. Using the Winne and Hadwin’s Self Regulation Theory, this study will explore the relationship of the gender identity of online learners from the University of the Philippines Open University to their self regulation practices through measuring their academic performance. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the researchers will aim to give an emphasis on the aspect of gender in online learning which is seldom realized. In addition, this study also aims to contribute to the information-building of gender and online learning in the Philippines.
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    Chatbot Gender and User Behavior and Satisfaction
    ( 2021) Serrano, Joane ; Almodiel, Myra ; Belegal, Janele Ann ; Cañas-Llamas, Anna ; Petrasanta, Lovelyn
    As a pioneer in open and distance e-Learning in the Philippines, UPOU continues to explore various information and communication technologies in enhancing not just its course development and delivery, but its provision of support and information services as well. One of the tools that is gaining popularity in businesses and even in universities in recent years is artificial intelligence (AI). The integration of AI-based tools such as chatbots in an organization’s systems and processes promise some degree of streamlining given the increasing demand of customers. This proposal will document and share the to compare the number of chatbot inquiries and conversations by gender before and during the global public health crisis. Data will be collected using document analysis through an existing chatbot monitoring tool. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations will be utilized to analyze the study data. This study puts forward its assumption that male and female users of the UPOU chatbot will have different frequencies of chatbot inquiries and conservations, and different user behaviors based on the UPOU chatbot’s gender.
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    Knowledge Management in the University of the Philippines Open University: Exploring Gender Differences of Student Support Employees
    ( 2021) Serrano, Joane ; Belegal, Janele Ann ; Cañas-Llamas, Anna
    When the COVID-19 global pandemic broke out, the University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU) made adjustments to its operations to address the heightened need for its support services. These support services are mainly provision of information and knowledge of and about the university stored both physically and digitally, with more women providing support services than men. To ensure knowledge is accessible and available amidst any disruption, knowledge management practices must be streamlined and sustained. However, studies analyzing gender differences in knowledge management of educational institutions are lacking. This study aims to fill the current research gap in the context of an educational institution, and study the gender differences in UPOU in terms of knowledge management practices. Data will be collected from targeted respondents who provide support services to UPOU constituents. Descriptive statistics and cross tabulations will be used to analyze the data gathered.
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    Social Support as a Protective Factor Against Online Pornography and Sexual Aggressive Behavior among High School Students in Los Baños, Laguna
    ( 2021) Serrano, Joane ; Bagos, Jenine
    With the advent of new technologies such as the internet, adolescent access to pornography has substantially expanded. Research show that the prevalence of online pornography viewing among adolescents has increased significantly, partly attributed to the availability of such online materials. Their exposure to internet pornography has been linked to stronger beliefs in gender stereotypes, particularly in relation to sex and attitudes and behaviors supportive of sexual violence—perpetrated particularly against women and children. While the adolescents’ internet pornography use and its negative effects on healthy sexual development have been extensively investigated, the protective factors that can prevent or mitigate these adverse effects have not been explored much. Based on the conceptualization of a stress-buffering model of social support, this study will determine whether social support would provide a buffer against the negative effects of internet pornography on sexually aggressive behaviours of High School students in Los Baños, Laguna. The respondents will be asked to accomplish an online adopted survey which includes questions on their internet pornography use, sexually aggressive behaviours, and perception of social support from parents, school teachers, and friends. Data will be analyzed using a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of this study will provide insights for the development of interventions aimed at preventing adolescents’ use of internet pornography and practice of sexual aggressive behaviors to promote healthy sexual development.
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    Locating the Gender Voice in the Disaster Risk and Reduction Management Discourse of ASEAN
    ( 2022) Saludadez, Lorena Jean ; Saludadez, Jean ; Serrano, Joane ; Taylan, Finaflor
    Hearing the disaster risk and reduction management (DRRM) approach of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states (AMS) from the AMS themselves is an attempt to decenter the non-ASEAN critical discourse that says ASEAN is lacking dedication in forwarding a truly holistic and proactive approach to natural disaster. While understanding the contexts, perceptions, and discourses that could forward the discussions regarding the ASEAN Member States (AMS) and their experience of natural disasters provides a space for the AMS, there are other voices that can be surfaced, not just the institutional voice. This study shall re-examine the AMS speeches performed in intergovernmental fora and conferences to locate the gender voice. How do the AMS represent gender in the natural disaster discourse? What space do the AMS provide for gender voice in natural disaster management discourse? Using discourse analysis, the recorded speeches (with audio, visual, and written speech transcription) from each of the ten (10) ASEAN Member States (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam) through their representative in inter-governmental fora or conferences relating to Natural Disasters will be analyzed to surface the gender voice.
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    Finding the Gender Space in Indigenous Peoples Civil Society Organizations Engagement with the ASEAN
    ( 2022) Nogra, Mark Vincent ; Saludadez, Jean ; Serrano, Joane ; Taylan, Finaflor
    While Indigenous People Civil Society Organizations (IP CSOs) are able to forward various concerns such as indigenous peoples’ rights, human rights, and environmental issues, one issue that has not been emphasized is gender. Though it is assumed that the issues forwarded carry with them the concept of intersectionality, there is a need to uncover the extent as to how gender is prioritized in their advocacy. This research shall re-examine existing IP CSOs’ views and engagement practices with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that emerged in three engagement spaces where ASEAN and CSOs engage: ASEAN-established, ASEAN-recognized, and “created” spaces to find the gender space. How does each view represent gender? What gender representation practices are innate in the identified views and engagement practices? Through an interpretative content analysis anchored on ethnomethodology, the gender representation practices shall be extracted from IP CSO’s documents available at the web such as official minutes of engagement, official statements, press releases, website postings, and social media posts dated from 2017 to 2020.
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    Breaking the Glass Ceiling: A Case Study of Challenges and Successes of Women Leadership Positions in the Philippine Technology Startup Ecosystem (PTSE)
    ( 2023) Simporios, Lloyd Lyndel ; Jarabe, Maria Lourdes ; Taylan, Finaflor ; Serrano, Joane
    Despite an increasing number of women entrepreneurs in the Philippines, the technology startup ecosystem is still dominated by men. There is a lack of research focusing on the experiences of women in leadership positions within the Philippine technology startup ecosystem (PTSE), and this study seeks to fill that void. This research can offer insights that can guide the development of policies and programs to support the advancement of women in leadership roles within the PTSE by obtaining an understanding of the difficulties faced by women in leadership positions within the PTSE and the methods they have used to overcome those difficulties. By understanding the challenges experienced by women in leadership roles within the PTSE, initiatives, strategies, and approaches that can enhance the environment for women in leadership positions in Philippine technology startups can be developed. This study can also advance our understanding of how gender dynamics may differ in various social, cultural, and economic contexts when it comes to entrepreneurship and leadership. This can also serve as a valuable case study for future studies in this field by providing a thorough understanding of the experiences of women leaders in technology startups in the Philippines. The study's findings will be used to devise a framework for promoting the development of an environment that would allow women to fully participate in the ecosystem of technology startups. The study will adopt a case study approach in order to understand the challenges encountered by women in leadership roles within the PTSE and the strategies they have employed to overcome them. A purposeful selection of women executives from Philippine-based digital startups will make up the sample.
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    Women’s Participation in the Philippine Technology Startup Ecosystem: A Baseline Survey
    ( 2023) Depante, Lianne Angelico ; Rosario, Leo Mendel ; Orencio, Pedcris ; Serrano, Joane
    Over the last decade, the Philippine technology startup ecosystem has been continuously expanding due to the influx of venture capital, incubators, accelerators, and tech entrepreneurs and government support in terms of financial incentives, tax breaks, and access to funding. In the global context, ample literature reports the contributions of women in the survival and growth of technology startups. Despite this, there has been a dearth of local studies on the involvement of Filipino women in the success of many technology startups in the country. In this project, a scoping study will be conducted to generate baseline information on the representation and extent of involvement of women in the technology startup ecosystem. The findings of this project will be used in the formulation of a supportive framework for women's engagement with technology startups and the course development of non-formal education and degree programs related to women and gender studies.
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    Breaking the Glass Ceiling? A Case Study of Challenges and Successes of Women Leadership Positions in the Philippine Technology Startup Ecosystem (PTSE)
    ( 2023) Simporios, Lloyd Lyndel ; Jarabe, Maria Lourdes ; Taylan, Finaflor ; Serrano, Joane
    Despite an increasing number of women entrepreneurs in the Philippines, the technology startup ecosystem is still dominated by men. There is a lack of research focusing on the experiences of women in leadership positions within the Philippine technology startup ecosystem (PTSE), and this study seeks to fill that void. This research can offer insights that can guide the development of policies and programs to support the advancement of women in leadership roles within the PTSE by obtaining an understanding of the difficulties faced by women in leadership positions within the PTSE and the methods they have used to overcome those difficulties. By understanding the challenges experienced by women in leadership roles within the PTSE, initiatives, strategies, and approaches that can enhance the environment for women in leadership positions in Philippine technology startups can be developed. This study can also advance our understanding of how gender dynamics may differ in various social, cultural, and economic contexts when it comes to entrepreneurship and leadership. This can also serve as a valuable case study for future studies in this field by providing a thorough understanding of the experiences of women leaders in technology startups in the Philippines. The study's findings will be used to devise a framework for promoting the development of an environment that would allow women to fully participate in the ecosystem of technology startups. The study will adopt a case study approach in order to understand the challenges encountered by women in leadership roles within the PTSE and the strategies they have employed to overcome them. A purposeful selection of women executives from Philippine-based digital startups will make up the sample.
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    Understanding Menopausal Experiences of Dumagat Women: A Qualitative Study
    ( 2023) Ridulme, Queenie ; Cabanes, Ria Valerie ; Sales, Rachel Anne Joyce ; Ramos, Rita
    Around the time of transition to menopausal period, women experience mental, and psychological disorders that require adequate attention to these symptoms. Women have different experiences around menopause and after it due to physiological, emotional, and psychological changes. This study is an attempt to make a significant contribution to the MENSESC project at the University of Lincoln which aims to determine how women live and understand the menopause in low SES settings across cultural contexts; ascertain what factors may shape women’s experience of the menopause in these contexts; identify what aspects of women’s lives, if any, are impacted during menopausal time and determine what women themselves need in these contexts to have quality of life during and beyond the menopause.