FMDS Student Papers
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Research outputs by graduate students of the Faculty of Management and Development Studies.
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ItemAssessing the Relationship Between Nitrogen Oxides and Ground-Level Ozone in London( 2024)This study analyzes the interrelations among ambient air pollutants – NO, NO2, and O3 – across London’s four air quality monitoring stations representing urban background, suburban, roadside, and rural area areas. The dataset covering the study period from 2012 to 2022 was sourced from the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). Using the R programming language and the openair package, hourly concentrations were explored and examined, revealing daily, weekly, seasonal, and annual patterns. Diurnal variations indicated that NO and NO2 concentrations increased with increasing road traffic, while O3 consistently peaked mid-day, highly influenced by solar radiation. The ozone weekend effect, where O3 levels are significantly higher compared to weekdays, was notable in stations located in urban areas. Mean concentrations of O3 were found to peak in late spring, possibly attributed to various factors such as heating emissions and stratospheric ozone intrusion. Regression analysis showed significant decreasing trends in annual mean concentrations of NO and NO2 across all four investigated stations over the study period. This reduction is associated with the active implementation of strategies and actions to curb emissions from the road transport sector across London. Due to declining NOx levels, O3 concentrations for the past decade have shown a significant increase. The findings suggest a need for review and refinement of the emission control strategies in London, taking into account the complex relationship between NOx and O3. Further research into ozone weekend effect, seasonal influences, and the impacts of urban heat islands and climate change could inform targeted policies or regulations for air quality improvement.
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ItemLandcover Analysis of Uppper Magat Magat Watershed, Northern Luzon, Philippines( 2024)The Upper Magat Watershed is classified as one of the 142 critical watersheds in the Philippines and its contribution on maintaining ecological balance as well as its economic importance warrants significant inputs to its sustainable management, conservation, and protection. As such, it was subjected to landscape analysis particularly its land cover and landscape elements which were used to recommend management regimes in the watershed. Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed in data processing and analysis. The generated GIS data were then processed using Supervised Classification in Quantum GIS 3.4.9 with Semi-Automatic Classification and Lecos plug-ins, and Arc Map 10.2. The Upper Magat Watershed was classified into five major land cover types such as vegetation, agricultural areas, barren lands, built-up zones, and water bodies. Areas classified as vegetation were mainly forest lands and grassland areas in the upper slopes which dominates the total land area of the study site. While agricultural areas were very pronounced in the lowland areas. Furthermore, the results of overlaying the DENR projects such as NGP and FMP with the landcover shows that there is a significant increase in forest areas and retention of forest cover in the projects sites. The study recognized that the importance and impact of landcover change and its drivers in the planning process, development environmental projects and mitigation and strategies to investigate and formulate possible solutions to identified potential or emerging problems in the watershed.
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ItemPLASTBOT-PONIC Project: A Climate Change Adaptation/Mitigation project for Marginalized Fisherfolk for Barangay Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales, Philippines( 2024)PLASTBOT-Ponic Project is a capacity-building project for marginalized fisherfolk of one coastal barangay of Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales province. PLASBOT refers to waste PLAStic BOTtle for hydroPONIC vegetable production set-up. The project is a context of waste plastic bottle recycling into backyard vegetable production as an alternative food source and livelihood for the community. The project has three main activities specifically the socio-economic assessment of the fisherfolk to determine the current condition of the fisherfolk and their awareness level on the impact of climate change, the conduct of an awareness campaign through lecture and forum discussion, and lastly the establishment of PLASTBOT-Ponic demo project to engage the community in plastic waste recycling. The project has achieved the objectives of increasing the awareness of marginalized fisherfolks regarding Climate Change’s impact on marine resources and their livelihood. In addition, the established demo project was actively participated by the community. This project is in harmony with the country’s National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2011-2028 which addresses Food Security, Ecological and Environmental Sustainability, and Knowledge and Capacity Development as part of the seven top priority strategies of NCCAP. Lastly, the demo project also enticed women's participation as a form of women empowerment which is also a climate change adaptation approach wherein capacity-building should be done in all sectors. No one should be left behind because the wrath of climate change affects anyone.
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ItemAssessment Of Environmental Policies And Ordinances Towards Sustainable Tourism In Sagada, Mt. Province( 2024-01-24)Philippines has various national laws and local policies protecting the environment and natural resources. As a nature based tourism destination, such as Sagada, Mt. Province, these policies are used as ways to effectively manage the environment and preserve natural resources. In Sagada environmental-related policies are also applied however lack of ordinances and guidelines about issues such as zoning, sale of land, and other environmental practices are still observed bringing more threat to its tourism industry (Dulnuan, 2003). With the shift to sustainable tourism management in one of the most popular upland ecosystems in the country, the study aims to: a) collate all existing environmental policies and ordinances relevant to tourism management in Sagada, Mt. Province; b) assess the effectiveness of the existing environmental policies through identifying the opportunities, hindering factors, and challenges of its implementation; and c) identify environmental policies that need to be established relevant to sustainable tourism management in Sagada, Mt. Province. KII was conducted for MLGU Sagada and local community stakeholders while KAP surveyed through google forms for tourists. Data gathered was assessed and analyzed through the UN SDGs and UNWTO Sustainable Tourism for Development Guidebook partnered with SWOT Analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques and analysis procedures were used through frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Various environmental-related local policies aligned with the national laws are in place that are focused on the conservation, preservation, and protection of natural and cultural heritage partnered with good strategies for information and dissemination. However, some aspects need to be considered and strengthened. KAP of the Tourists have shown high over-all ratings with significant correlation between each aspect but Practice of tourists shows implementation needs to be strengthened, same with the assessment gathered from MLGU and tourism stakeholders. Overall, Sagada has the majority of the needed aspects in place - policy and development plans wise - towards sustainable development. It’s recommended to strengthen the implementation, reinforcement, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the policies and plans through stronger coordination and collaboration with its tourism stakeholders.