FMDS Student Papers

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https://repository.upou.edu.ph/handle/20.500.13073/52
Research outputs by graduate students of the Faculty of Management and Development Studies.

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    Species Diversity, Community Structure and Carbon Stock of Mangrove Forest 3-Year Post Occurrence of Typhoon Rai (Odette):
    ( 2024) Bernales, Micha Marie
    A healthy marine ecology is dependent on healthy mangrove forests. Mangroves provide vital ecosystem services such as coastal protection from storm damage and carbon sequestration potential that help mitigate the effects of climate change. This study aimed to assess the species diversity and structure as well as the biomass carbon stock content of mangrove vegetation in Honda Bay, Snake Island, Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Data from 2021 was compared to the data gathered in 2024, which accounts for the 3-year occurrence of Typhoon Rai (Odette). The non-destructive quadrat, the nested quadrat method was employed in the assessment to quantitatively describe the mangrove stand in a total of 17 plots. The data was analyzed to reveal if there is a difference in terms of diversity, structure, and carbon stock in the area from 2021 to 2024. The result of the study found 7 mangrove species dominated by Rhizophora stylosa with 482 tree individuals because all of the mangrove tree planting activities that have taken place on the island in the past are more of this species and the presence of numerous mother trees facilitates its growth and survival. It has been observed that Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa have the highest average basal area and DBH, giving them the highest importance value among other species with 219.85% and 38.42%, respectively. In the 2024 assessment, Plot 4 has 6 of the 7 mangrove species found on the island. This plot contains the most species and is the most diverse among the plots, with an index of 1. 0810. Results of this study revealed that the biomass carbon stock of mangroves in Snake Island ranged from 1.59 to 257.38 MgC ha-1, or a mean of 75.56 MgC ha-1, in 2021 and 2024. They differ only at the mean biomass carbon stock of 0.21 mg/ha. In accordance with species composition, Rhizophora stylosa has the largest contribution to total biomass carbon stock in the island, with 14.26 MgC ha-1 in the 2024 assessment, while Rhizophora mucronata bore the lowest with 0.49 MgC ha-1. All of the sampling plots were under the category of adequately stocked or have highly dense forest cover, with a total density of 2,935 trees per ha computed using the data gathered in 2024. From the 612 monitoring tree individuals before Typhoon Rai in December 2021 down to the 569 tree individuals or a total of 43 individuals monitored 3 years post-typhoon. Given the destruction caused by the typhoon throughout Palawan, the 3-year post-evaluation of Snake Island revealed only a 7.03% decrease. This is most likely due to the observation that new shoots and stems regenerated from the destroyed mangrove trees, resulting in an increase of 0.63 hectares in mangrove cover on the island. Given the stated mortality rate in the 2024 assessment, the mangrove cover rises from 18.43 hectares to 19.06 hectares through natural regeneration. According to the statistical analysis performed on the data collected in 2021 and 2024, there is a significant difference between the plots because of the number of individuals in each plot (p = 0.001), but there is no significant difference between the data collected in 2021 and 2024 in terms of diversity. The data from 2021 and 2024 did not reveal a significant difference between the years when comparing the biomass carbon stock (p = 0.991). Nonetheless, there was a notable difference in the number of people in each plot between them (p = <0.001). These findings suggest that mangrove vegetation in Snake Island, Palawan, consists of an amount of carbon, implying that to help preserve and protect the area's coastal resources that rely on mangrove forests, there is a need to assess the existing mangrove area regularly. The assessment of mangroves is critical to ensuring the proper management efforts of the various concerned entities in order to sustain the area's biodiversity conservation information. This would generate data and serve as the foundation for future plans and programs.
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    Fishing Activities in WAWA Angono Lake at Angono Rizal : Impacts of Resource (Fisheries) Management
    ( 2024-05-31) Siapno, Nerissa Ly
    Resource (fisheries) management is an important tool to be applied to both commercial and recreational fishing. It aims to achieve the most needed consumption and sustainable utilization of fisheries resources without the effects of overexploitation and degradation of fish species and the ecosystem where they reside. This tool is based on scientific principles and information that is used to formulate policies and guidelines under which the fisheries operate. The application of the Catch / Effort Restrictions Technique as one of the resource (fisheries) management tools in the recreational fishing activities in Angono “WAWA” Lake in Angono, Rizal would serve as a guide and reference by the Local Government Unit (LGU) officials of Angono, Rizal in formulating rules and regulations including future programs and imposition of sanctions and penalties with regards to fishing activities regulation in Angono “WAWA” Lake to prevent exhaustion of fish resources in the lake. The Catch / Effort Restrictions Technique as an effective resource (fisheries) management and the most appropriate tool to be applied in managing the fishing activities by the locals and tourists in Angono “WAWA” Lake was backed up by the Catch – Per – Unit – Effort (CPUE) calculation, a basic fisheries statistics formula used to signify changes to the fish species’ true abundance. The structures needed for successful Catch / Effort management would be defined based on the guidelines provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Keywords: LGU; Fisheries Management; CPUE; FAO
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    Climate Financing in the Philippines: Threats and Opportunities
    ( 2023-01-25) Reyes, Marie Antonette C.
    The Philippines is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, posing enormous risks to the people and economy. To address these vulnerabilities, it is critical for the Philippines to tap climate financing facilities so that it could develop climate resilience, build capacity to meet its climate objectives, and meet its Nationally Determined Contribution targets. To achieve these, the Philippines needs to address the threats and opportunities in the climate financing space. This covers the areas of policy frameworks; availability of climate financing; availability of project pipeline; capacity to meet climate financing requirements; and capacity to do climate expenditure tagging. There are several climate financing facilities from international financial institutions and multilateral development banks that are available, but the capacity to tap these is largely limited to the national government, with local government units needing to fully develop their capacity and project pipelines to tap into these. Capacity for climate budgeting to track and monitor climate expenditures has yet to be built, especially at the local levels. If the Philippines can address these, then it can tap the various emerging opportunities in climate financing.
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    CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE IN ABU DHABI: A CASE STUDY OF AL DHAFRA RECYCLING INDUSTRIES
    ( 2024) Dispo, Christian S.
    This research explored the sustainable management of Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste focusing on the case study of Al Dhafra Recycling Industries (ADRI) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi UAE. C&D waste comprised a significant portion of total waste generated in the region. The study examined the company's efforts in recycling C&D materials to mitigate environmental impacts and conserve natural resources. Analysis of C&D waste diversion rates from 2010 to 2023 showed fluctuations in waste received, recycled, and diverted from landfill, with an average waste diversion rate of 71.76%. Benchmarking against EU directives and local targets highlighted Al Dhafra Recycling Industries' commitment, which exceeded regulatory standards. Descriptive analysis showed trends in waste received and recycled, these findings emphasized the need for developing strategies to minimize landfill disposal. Additionally, the research evaluated the carbon emissions prevented through C&D waste recycling, and the Quality and Environmental Performance Indicators, demonstrating the organization's resilience in maintaining high standards despite challenges. Proposals for advanced recycling technologies aim to enhance recycling performance, with stakeholder engagement identified as significant for project success. Lastly, the study showed the necessity for detailed research on investment costs, payback periods, and other quality tests to inform strategic decision-making. Through comprehensive analysis and stakeholder collaboration, this research provided insights about Advanced Dry Recovery (ADR) & Heating Air Classification Systems (HAS) technologies and recommendations to conduct further studies on providing more information in regards to these technologies.
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    Assessment Of Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS) Peatland’s Resilience to Climate Change, Socio-Economic, And Environmental Stressors by Estimating Soil Surface Moisture Using Remote Sensing
    ( 2024-05-05) Enriquez-Balidoy, Shaira
    This study focuses on assessing the resilience of peatlands within the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (AMWS) to climate change, socio-economic activities, and environmental stressors, with a specific emphasis on soil moisture dynamics. Using remote sensing techniques, the study evaluates changes in soil surface moisture following the sanctuary's boundary expansion in 2018. Additionally, it identifies and analyzes the top stressors affecting peatland resilience, considering factors such as climate change, socio-economic activities, and environmental degradation. The results reveal an increase in moisture levels within the Marbon Peatland area and fluctuations in moisture distribution within the Caimpugan Peatland area. The study highlights soil moisture as the primary indicator of peatland resilience, supported by factors such as temperature anomalies and illegal activities such as cutting of trees and timber poaching, and land conversion. Moreover, it underscores the significant impact of socio-economic stressors on AMWS, comprising 34% of total threats, while climate change and environmental stressors also contribute substantially 23% and 27%, respectively. The findings suggest that addressing these stressors is essential for enhancing the resilience of peatlands in AMWS. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for the development of conservation and management strategies to safeguard the peatland ecosystem within the sanctuary.